The Isis-Aphrodite

This figure of Isis-Aphrodite is currently on exhibit in the Johns Hopkins University Archaeological Museum. It is displayed alongside several other artworks of deities from the ancient Mediterranean, each individual object incorporating aspects from a myriad of religious systems and cults. The Isis-Aphrodite figure dates back to the Roman Empire sometime between 150-200 CE. It is made from a copper alloy and would once have been a burnished orange, but now appears a dark green-gray. It is 29.9 cm tall and 15.3 cm wide. The figure stands with her weight on her right leg and her left leg slightly bent, in a relaxed contrapposto, her right foot slightly forward. Her arms are outstretched but bent at the elbows. In her left hand she holds a small pedestal upon which a miniature figure sits; in her right hand she grasps a handle, though the body of the object has come unattached. She is naked, but wears an array of jewelry: two armbands, round earrings, a necklace, and a crown. Her hair is parted down the middle and pulled back into a knot at the nape of her neck, with a coil of hair across each shoulder. She looks directly toward the viewer, her expression neutral. Her eyes sockets are large and round but empty, and might once have contained inlays. The figure embodies the goddesses Isis and Aphrodite, two foreign deities that were adopted by syncretic religious cults of the Roman Empire. Isis was one of the primary deities of the Egyptian pantheon, fulfilling a myriad of roles and responsibilities. As a wife and mother, magical healer, and protector of the dead, she was one of the most diverse deities of ancient Egypt. She was the wife and sister of Osiris, god of the dead and the afterlife, and the mother of Horus, god of the sky and the pharaohs; thus, Isis was closely associated with the afterlife, resurrection, fertility, and kingship (1). Even before the Romans conquered Egypt and adopted its gods, the Egyptians themselves had blurred the lines between their individual deities. Isis, notably, was closely associated with several deities, and dabbled in many domains. Most pertinent here is her association with the goddess Hathor, who was the personification of love and sexuality. It may have been the close tie between Isis and Hathor that allowed Isis to be so easily associated with the goddess Aphrodite during the Hellenistic and Roman eras, as Hathor served as a parallel to Aphrodite (4). As Hathor was the Egyptian goddess of love and sexuality, Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the daughter of Uranus, the primeval god of the sky, and wife to Hephaestus, god of the forge and fire. As the goddess of sexuality, Aphrodite was often depicted nude – more so in later eras. She was also often portrayed with her sacred animal, the dove, or one of her many symbols, such as a mirror, apple, or shell. When Alexander the Great, and later the Romans, conquered Egypt, they adopted the Egyptian Pantheon into the Greek one; some cults merged Isis with Aphrodite, and worshipped Isis-Aphrodite as a goddess of their combined realms. They also combined the two goddesses' iconography, as in the figure from the Archeological Museum. It would be difficult to identify the figure by its physiognomy alone, but it is made recognizable by its adornments and their symbolism. Several details help to identify the figure as some version of Aphrodite. The figure is unclothed, as Aphrodite was commonly depicted by this era. As the goddess of love and sexuality, she was often portrayed naked, and represented an ideal of beauty. She was also believed to have risen from the sea fully naked, born from seafoam when Uranus's genitalia were cut off by his son Kronos and thrown into the ocean. Her very origin reinforces the notion of her sexuality and lends credence to later depictions of her in the nude. The figure of Isis-Aphrodite is, however, adorned with lavish jewelry, as images of Aphrodite sometimes are. Of special note is the crown she wears – a Greek stephane, a metal headband that rose in the center and tapered down toward the temples. Greek female deities were often shown wearing a stephane, and sometimes a veil, which marked their divinity. The figure also holds two objects in her hands. In her right, she grasps a handle, although the upper part of the object is no longer attached; it is thought, however, to have once been a mirror. Mirrors were one of Aphrodite's many symbols, and represented her unmatched beauty. Nonetheless, this is only a postulate, and one cannot be sure what the missing element actually was. In her other hand, though, she still holds a small pedestal surmounted by a sitting figure. This component is what identifies the figure as Isis-Aphrodite. The pedestal resembles a lotus blossom, a sacred flower of the Egyptians that represented renewal. The flower would close at night and reopen at the dawn, and thus represented the daily cycle of the sun; it also represented rebirth, and was thus closely related to Osiris – Isis's husband – and the realm of the dead (3). Accordingly, the lotus was also associated with Isis herself. Sitting on the lotus is an image of the infant Harpocrates, who was a manifestation of Horus and the young sun (2). Harpocrates has a finger in his mouth and wears a disk on his head, a symbol of the sun. The details limn a very comprehensive image of Harpocrates, identifying the miniature figure as a canonical depiction of the young Horus, Isis's son. One of Isis's roles was that of a mother, and she was a fierce protectress. She is sometimes depicted with him, as in the Isis-Aphrodite figure.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Isis-Egyptian-goddesshttp://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=169http://www.globalegyptianmuseum.org/glossary.aspx?id=225http://www.academia.edu/5011152/The_Hellenistic-Roman_cult_of_Isis

Define and discuss what is hearsay, what is not hearsay, and some common exceptions to the hearsay rule

Hearsay is a testimony given in which the witness does not directly hear or experience what he or she is giving testimony to. In that case, the testimony being declared is hearsay because what is being asserted was not experienced first hand by the declarant, and therefore cannot really testify if it happened or not because the information came from someone else. This brings complications because the original or first-hand witness is not present in the court, and thus, cannot be cross-examined, or thoroughly scrutinized. For this reason, hearsay is generally unaccepted as evidence in the US court system, especially in criminal cases.But as with all rules, there are exemptions to it as well. There are instances when hearsay is the only way to present a certain piece of evidence. For example, if the original witness has passed away, then presenting hearsay testimony is the only available course of action. In this case, the court must consider the hearsay evidence Some common exemptions are dying declarations or a statement made while the person is dying; declarations against interest or when the person testifies to something that may cause some negative effect on the witness. . How has the Crawford vs. Washington case impacted the admissibility of hearsay evidence in criminal trials? The case of Crawford vs. Washington is a landmark court decision which necessitated the need redraw the rules guiding the use of hearsay evidence. The Supreme Court overturned the decision of the Washington Supreme Court and upheld the decision of the Washington Court of Appeals to reverse Michael Crawford’s conviction for assault and attempted murder against Kenneth Lee.The case revolved around whether Susan’s recorded statements in the police station would be admissible as evidence against her husband. Under court rules, spouses are not allowed to testify against their partner, without the express permission of the suspect, or if the spouse is the complainant in the c ase. In Crawford vs. Washington, the plaintiff presented the court with Susan Crawford’s testimony in front of the police; the defense argued that this evidence cannot be accepted because Michael, the suspect, cannot confront the testimony because Susan, as his spouse, cannot stand witness in his trial.The court denied the defense’s petition and accepted Susan’s recorded statement made to the police where she said that Kenneth was not holding a weapon at that time. This testimony shattered the defense’s not guilty plea by virtue of self-defense, and Michael was convicted of the crime. The element of hearsay in this case lies in the fact that Susan’s recorded testimony is presented by the police, and Susan cannot be presented in court to corroborate or refute the statement because as Michael’s wife, she cannot do so.In this case, the Supreme Court overturned the conviction because Michael’s right to confront the witnesses testifying ag ainst him was denied. Based on this, the Supreme Court decided to strike out Susan’s recorded statement, and thus, there was insufficient evidence to convict Michael, and he was exonerated. 3. Discuss some of the situations where the exclusionary rule does not apply, despite the commission of some constitutional violation by the government. The Exclusionary Rule holds that any evidence that is gathered through unlawful or unconstitutional means will not hold in any criminal trial.Particularly, any evidence that is gathered through self-incrimination under duress or ignorance, and unlawful searches and seizures will not be recognized by any criminal court in the United States. The Exclusionary Rule is one of the principal ways to enforce a system of checks and balances within the US court system. This prevents any abuse or misuse from taking place. This rule is the reason why police are mandated by law to inform suspects of their Miranda Rights, especially when they will be de tained and interrogated.If the Miranda warning was not explicitly given, then any statements made during the ensuing interrogation will not be considered by the court. Of course there are exclusions to the Exclusionary Rule as well. The Exclusionary Rule is very specific only in so far as establishing the guilt or innocence of the suspect is concerned. This evidence can still be presented in order to question the reliability or honesty of the defendant’s testimony. Another exclusion is called the inevitable discovery doctrine.This doctrine argues that there are some pieces of evidence, gathered though an unlawful search, that would have eventually been discovered by elements of the law in the normal course of their investigation. This assumption maintains that the evidence would have been found; and that it is only a matter of time before it is discovered. There are also many cases wherein the exclusionary law may be challenged, depending on the circumstances that led to the unlawful search. 4. Discuss the Fifth Amendment privilege against self incrimination and some of the various situations where it does not apply.The Fifth Amendment ensures the privilege of an accused to refuse to answer questions that might further incriminate or be used against him. This right can be invoked at any given time; during investigation, up until the final deliberation of the case. The Fifth Amendment can only be invoked during a direct questioning or interrogation. This right against self-incrimination protects the individual from saying something that might further damage his or her case. There are cases when the individual may choose to disclose what he or she knows about a particular case in exchange for immunity.The government often uses this to bait the â€Å"bigger fishes†, for example in a criminal ring or network. In order to gather valuable information that would lead to more indictments, law enforcers offer immunity against criminal persecution. They ma y also be entered into the witness protection program to ensure the witnesses and their families’ safety. 5. Discuss the four major tests that govern the admissibility of confessions in criminal trials. The Fifth Amendment prevents and protects suspects from making self-incriminating statements, and because of this, the US courts do not accept confessions at face value.Before accepting confessions as evidence in a court case, it must pass a four-pronged test made to establish if the confession was indeed given voluntarily; without threat or coercion of any kind. The first test asks whether the statement was given voluntarily or not. This establishes the circumstances surrounding the act of confession. The second determines if the confession was given in spite of being given the Miranda warning. This means that the confession was given in full deliberation, and acceptance of the consequences of his confession.The third test finds out if any sort of waiver was issued by the sus pect. Finally, the fourth determines if the waiver, if there is one, is clear and unambiguous, without any room for double meaning or misinterpretation. In this case, a waiver refers to a document or a recorded statement that certifies that the suspect is relinquishing his/her legal rights and is giving a full confession. However, this waiver presupposes a thorough understanding of one’s rights before these rights can actually be waived. If the suspect is not capable of such discernment, then the confession might be disputed. . How do some of the rules of evidence limit or even frustrate â€Å"the search for the truth? † Discuss the operation of these rules and their impact on â€Å"justice. †The basic prerequisite of any case is being able to present enough evidence to determine if the suspect is guilty beyond reasonable doubt. If the evidence fails to show guilt beyond reasonable doubt, then the suspect should be acquitted. In a criminal case, the prosecutor h as the burden of proof; meaning that the defense is not required to present any evidence if the prosecutor failed to make their case in the first place.As such, being able to present material evidence is important for â€Å"justice†. The problem is that sometimes, the rules governing the admissibility of evidence prevents the truth from coming out, and impairs the fair disposal of justice. However, it is a fair trade. The rules of evidence ensure that the rights of the accused are protected, even as the rights of the innocent are upheld. It is not foolproof, but it is the best arrangement that can be made under the circumstances; a compromise to balance the rights of everyone involved.

Sony-Ericsson Case

The reasons for this are of course numerous. One of the reasons was that both companies only had a minor market share, Ericson 10% and Sony 1,5% of the world market, whereas as the leader Nooks had 30,6%. This giving Nooks a huge advantage in existing customers as well as strong brand awareness. Another main reason for the fusion of both the mobile departments of the company was that both had problems in managing their departments. Sony had so many different sectors it was in that mobile was Just one more and was ;t paid enough attention.Ericson had the technology to be a leader, but they were always criticized for only being a group of engineers, developing good products, but not paying as much attention to customers desires as Nooks did. Therefore being significantly less successful than their Finnish rival. Both companies needed to restructure their efforts in the mobile development and that Is why it made sense for them both to start this partnership. Ericson would provide people and their expertise In telecommunications and Sony it ‘s expertise In consumer electronics products as well as $500 million.Both were able to cut costs significantly and still able to become a global player on this prosperous market In the future. 2) What was needed to succeed in this market? The main attributes that were needed to succeed in the market was the knowledge to develop in the direction of the technology that would be used in the future, as well as knowing and offering your customers what they were looking for. In fact one can say that Nooks did everything one needed to do to succeed. They listen to what their clients where looking/expecting from their mobile phones, and built a product portfolio accordingly.Due to this approach they were able to offer a specific product to every customer profile they had. Concerning technology they also did good work being the clear leaders In the 26 markets, which gave them a age head start. The management also did an excellent work, having a better-cost extra effort on not becoming a huge corporation with 100,000 employees, staying rather small gave them the advantage that decision could be taken quickly and that changes and adoptions to the products were able to be done immediately. ) Compare Ionians and Sony Ericson Mobile Communication's situations (activities, competences, finances) SEEM had a clear goal, which was to become the global number one player for multimedia products. This was supposed to be achieved by combining their forces in R&D, marketing, sales, distribution and customer services. The Joint force should give them the resources to overcome their seemingly untouchable competitor Nooks. The soft activities they were planning and adapting were: being responsive to the market, analyzing the behavior of the consumers and of their competitors.Nooks on the other hand wanted to keep their activities in the mobile sector at the same high level they had been over the sass's, strengthening their p osition in the market today and constantly investing in R. Even increasing the percentage of net sales being reinvested to R, which were around 8,9% in the late sass's, the goal being to maintain the strong market position for the 36 generation phones. From a financial point of view, we can only compare the individual financial statements of Ericson, Sony and Nooks from the appendix of the case.In a first look at the data available we can deduct that the financial situation of Nooks is clearly the most advantageous one. To be able to analyses financial statements that are comparable, I will only look at the ones of Nooks and Ericson. The Sony Corporation has so many different activities going on that from this financial statement I can't detect which revenues are from the mobile industry. The only observations I would like to mention about the company is that their revenue has been increasing over the years, but net income has been decreasing.This showing that in the core business w e are talking about Nooks has made the biggest step by increasing net sales in this sector by offer having a 80% growth per year between 1998 and 2000. These numbers are also reflected in the market share Nooks has on the world mobile market. 4) What are the potential risks for this alliance? The risks for this alliance are of course numerous. First of all Sony Ericson has to find a proper way to communicate to the public/customers why they have merged heir mobile departments and explain what profits this results in for them in the tend to which to other brands.This is the main risk, that they have to manage, which has to be dealt with proper attention and experienced marketing experts, so that a clear message is sent out to the public and current/future customers. Another potential risk is the management that consists of managers from both Ericson and Sony. It provides conflict potential when two corporate cultures clash. Managers from both sides are used to doing business their wa y but now they have to adapt to the managing methods of one another.This might make it difficult to find a common strategy, with which they want to market their brand. The responsibilities and decision fields have to be clearly defined to avoid these kinds of occurrences as good as possible. A further threat would be that both sides could quickly get frustrated if results are not as good or worse than expected. This could lead to one accusing the other of bad management, insufficient research and so on, resulting in a bad atmosphere in the company. This would further complicate the merger and might even lead to the decision to go separate ways again.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

History - Essay Example Secular Humanism however presents a way of living for the human beings and suggests that following religion does not specifies if a man is good or not, a man can lead a good life by doing good to the people and the environment around him and bringing peace and harmony to everyone in the society. This is the only way he can lead a happy and successful life. Secular Humanism stresses on the logical reasoning of things before accepting them and the concept of accepting things on the basis of religious beliefs is totally rejected. According to the ideology presented by Secular Humanism, humans should utilize their power to think and reason before accepting or rejecting any idea and their decisions should be based on logical reasoning and not on the illogical and inherited religious beliefs. Secular Humanism persuades human mind to indulge in learning and logical reasoning the ability of logical reasoning is developed by learning the arts. Secular Humanism is neither a religion nor follow s the dictionary meaning of the word secular because it upholds the concept of human dignity and stresses the followers to practice moral and ethical values in their lives. According to the secular humanism ideology, the aim of life of a human is to achieve high levels in moral and ethical conduct and serve the mankind. The humans are supposed to develop themselves and achieve new heights because the process of evolution is still in progress. According to secular humanism, the human life ends with death and there is no life after death and humans are not answerable to anyone. Therefore it is antagonistic to religious beliefs because the concept of God and life after death is absent however it can still be classified as a religion if religion is defined as a set of beliefs and a way of life. The world today has about 40-50 million followers of this ideology. (428 words) Printing Press and Religion With the invention of the printing press in the 15th century remarkable changers were o bserved in literature, learning and religion. The idea of printing press and moveable type was first perceived by Gutenberg and he put together paper, winepress and oil based ink, three different technological developments of that time. The arrangement he formulated could be used for printing books and in this way the first printing press was invented. The invention of printing press brought a revolution in reading and writing and this also included the religious reading because prior to this invention, the books and written literature was not accessible to everyone and was also very expensive. The objective of the development and invention of the printing press was to lower down the prices of the books and to produce them in large numbers so that more and more people could learn from books and the Bible. More and more books were made available to the common people and learning and the transfer of knowledge became very frequent. The printing press initiated the information revolutio n because printing allowed the quick transfer of a large amount of knowledge with ease. The effect of printing was very evident in the population because people started reading and learning new skills and techniques which helped them develop themselves into useful individuals of the society. Moreover with the invention of printing press more educational institutions and libraries were opened and revolutionary

Project report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project report - Essay Example Hence, we decided to go for the Bluetooth speaker on a plane that connects to an iOS system. The Bluetooth speaker that connects in an airplane requires everyday materials like LEDs (Light emitting diodes) , an arduino which is an open electronic board based on user friendly hardware and software with a few PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) pins, a Bluetooth low energy shield, a proto shield, a momentary push switch, some copper wire and, an Iphone 4s or an Iphone 5. Ipad (mini, 5, 4) or an Ipod touch 5th generation can also be used in place of the Iphone. Resistors can also be used, but their use is dependent on the type of LEDs we are using. Since, according to Ohm’s law, resistance and voltage are directly proportional to each other if all other things are constant, therefore high voltage LEDs will require a resistor (Instructables.com 2015). The use of low voltage LEDs eliminate the need to use resistors and also help in cutting down the cost. Most of the materials used are readily available in local hardware stores. Usually there exists a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) compatible App on the App Store that can get the iOS system to read the BLE compatible device. In case, the user wants to add additional things, a new customized App can be written. The customized app can help run other features that the traditional BLE reader lacks. However, to develop and then run a customized app on an iOS device an extra $100 enrollment fee is required because one needs to be enrolled in the iOS developer program with Apple (Instructables.com 2015). Since, we are trying to cut down on costs we will not write a new customized app in App Store. Instead we will go with the already present App of Red bear Lab’s in the Apple App Store. The project is fairly easy to make and requires very less time. The materials are not ordered; rather they are just bought off shelves from a hardware store or an electrical equipment shop. This eliminates the ordering

Building construction and fire services #2 Essay

Building construction and fire services #2 - Essay Example Lightweight wooden binds are assembled by 50 mm Ãâ€" 150 mm, 50 mm Ãâ€" 100 mm, or 50 mm Ãâ€" 75 mm (2 Ãâ€" 6, 2 Ãâ€" 4, or 2 Ãâ€" 3-inch) timber joined together by gusset plates (Malanga, 1995, p47). Just like every structural element, these trusses are debatably vulnerable to failure when expose to fire or extremely high temperatures. Wooden houses or ceilings are famous for quick fire spread and early disastrous failure in as small as 4 minutes of fire involvement (Malanga, 1995, p44). Unguarded lightweight wooden or even steel binds will stop working after 5 to 10 minutes of contact to fire or extremely high. Binds can fail from contact to heat alone exclusive of any flames. For wood trusses, 100 °F (53.8 °C) is the decisive temperature (Malanga, 1995, p46). Metal gusset plates in wooden binds, unless corner-nailed, can distort and fail extremely fast when exposed to high temperature. Even though, both wooden and steel trusses might be confined with fire-retardant treatments to develop their fire opposition, a majority of them lack this essential matter and; hence put the lives of people at

Travel agency website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Travel agency website - Essay Example Man by nature travels from one place to another. This is evidenced by the annual volume of the inbound and outbound travellers here and abroad. Travellers usually utilize one or a combination the land, marine, and air transportation modes. They may travel on their own without the assistance of a travel agency, if they are already familiar of the place to stay in or visited.Majority of them usually employ the services of travel agencies to book various travel services needed and to get rid of preparing it themselves and end up in a costly, unorganized, and not enjoyed travel.With the advent of e-commerce technology and the use of the internet, people from all walks of life may book their travels in a traditional way or online. Online bookings need to be done interactively using a travel agency's website. The website's user interface design is very crucial in a travel agency for it replaces the traditional way of interacting with the customer. The extent of the services and care that a n agency can give face to face to customers should at least be replicated or surpassed in the online version.In a travel agency website we could think of several scenarios of use. The following types of users are considered in this study, namely: the students, the professionals, the tourists, and the immigrants.Students profile includes local, national, international students.... This group includes the business travellers, delegates, participants, speakers, and convenors of conferences, conventions, trainings, seminars and parallel activities. This may also include government representatives to conduct official business activities in this country as well as in other countries. Tourists profile includes local, national, and international tourists. Their goals and needs are the following: booking their travels in a pre-scheduled basis or open scheduled basis, usually they need additional services like hotel accommodations, local travel services, and other services specifically designed for tourists. This group includes a wide and a very diverse array of travellers. Travellers classified in other groups may in one time or another are also classified or combined here. Immigrants profile includes local, national, and international immigrants. They may be inbound or outbound immigrants granted immigrant status here or in other countries. Their goals and needs are the following: booking their travels in a pre-scheduled or open basis, usually they need additional services like hotel, apartment, and house accommodations, local travel agency assistance, and other services specifically designed for accommodating inbound immigrants and helping outbound immigrants. This group also includes government diplomatic representatives and workers The PACT Components Analysis Matrix To clearly identify, determine and describe the people, activities, context, and technologies involved, the following Table 1. PACT Components Analysis Matrix is utilized in this study. Table 1: PACT Components Analysis Matrix PACT COMPONENTS ANALYSIS MATRIX PEOPLE

Write an essay on a cultural issue as related to humanistic

Write an on a cultural issue as related to humanistic psychotherapy - - Essay Example the eighteen century had a dramatic transformation when the age of the industrial revolution started the latter did not just revolutionize the way we worked but most profoundly changed the structure of our societies and values where capitalism became the new god and the science replaced the religious beliefs that for a long time have been playing a supporting role for the people in need during difficult times.  Humanistic therapists emerged in the USA in the 1950s such as Maslow Abraham and Rogers Carl. These therapists formulated different humanistic theories and procedures for effective psychotherapy. Rogers delivered a speech in 1940 at the University of Minnesota about new concepts of psychotherapy that became the origin of humanistic psychotherapies. The American Psychological association (APA) launched the first journal on humanistic psychology in 1973. It is a professional organization representing psychology and consists of researchers, educators, physicians, consultants, a nd students. Culture may be defined as patterns of norms derived from traditions that influence personal behavior. These norms may include values, beliefs, customs, thoughts, and institutions such as religious, racial, ethnic and social groups. Cultural beliefs are passed from older generations to younger generations within a given society. Interaction with different cultures causes behavioral and psychological changes within an individual. Individuals migrating from one society to another have difficulty when adapting to the culture of the new society (Lago, 2006). Culture is not static, and interaction with other cultures may cause culture change. On the other hand, ethnicity can be defined as the sense of belonging to a group alienated to a particular society. Ethnicity is caused by social pressure and can only be resolved through psychological interventions. Race refers to the physical appearance of individuals as determined by the genetic composition. Humanistic therapy involves

Mobile Collaboration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 22

Mobile Collaboration - Essay Example   In the past years, the existing research focus is on the changing and evolving of wireless mobile computing technologies for human to machine and human to human collaborations. This collaborations has led to many IT leaders giving much attention to the extension of collaboration from desktop computers to mobile phones (Cisco, 2013). To increase the implementation of amalgamated communications, IDG Enterprise Survey indicate more than 67% of IT leaders are preparering to invest in the competences of communication. In other words, types of mobile collaborations have increased, ranging from helping children in reading to business to increase or better firm’s performance. Despite the advantages retrieved from mobile collaboration, there many challenges which are faced in the implementation stage. However, Cisco Mobile Collaboration Management Services offers solutions to such challenges especially to the IT leaders. According to Cisco (2013), if at all IT organizations would need to manage, secure and spread the collaboration knowledge on mobile devices as well as streamline mobile collaboration management, the best way is to adopt cloud-based mobile device and application. To streamline mobile collaboration management, the cloud-based mobile enables flexibility to scale, rapid deployment and increases support for new devices (Cisco, 2013). The model also offers hasty registration and WI-FI, Email, VPN for all company devices. Conversely, with the cloud model, IT organizations can alleviate security and acquiescence risks by locating and wiping out data for stolen or lost devices, and also enforces and administers passwords, encryption as well as loc k down security policies OTA. Nonetheless, in the education sector, mobile collaboration is also playing an important role.

Future of the Court POLS640.F.8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Future of the Court POLS640.F.8 - Essay Example For instance, President Eisenhower appointed both Chief Justice William J. Brennan and Justice Earl Warren. He was later disappointed by their broadminded inclinations on the Supreme Court and referred them to as â€Å"the biggest damned-fool mistakes† (Kommers et al 13). A justice can be appointed for life especially if he or she has a long and distinguished career in law and a good record of public service. Majority of justices start their careers as members of congress, aspires of presidency, and judges of lower courts (Gibson and Thurgood 111). There is a need to appoint justices for life when it comes to handling cases in the Supreme Court. This is because the longer the Justices remain in court; the more they become experienced when it comes to making decisions in Court. Deciding on which cases to be heard, requires effective decision making procedures. When petitions are reviewed and summarized by law clerks, the Chief Justice is required to make a good list of petitions to be discussed. In this stage the Justices agree on which petitions to reject and accept for discussion (Kommers et al. 18). The surviving petitions are then discussed in the conference at the beginning of Court’s term. The â€Å"Rule of Four† criterion is used by justices to decide on the cases to be heard. If four Justices disagree to hear a case, then the petition is dismissed (Gibson and Thurgood 85). Cases that qualify to be heard must always have various factors. These factors include the magnitude of the issue raised by the case; clarity of the involved issue; development of a complete and clear record of the case by the lower court; and the case’s potential impacts on the Court’s own prestige and credibility (Kommers et al. 18). Highly experienced Justices are able to make effective voting on cases, as well as, writing opinions. Each Justice reveals his or her views on the case being discussed and indicates how he or she intends to

The U.S cultures and business perspectives Essay

The U.S cultures and business perspectives - Essay Example Just like the U.S.A, Brazil is a melting pot of nationalities due to long periods of slavery and European domination. The country has about 190 million people, whereby 50% of the people are white. Majority of the Brazilian people are Catholics and speak Portuguese as a national language. Bananas are the staple food in Brazil. Bananas are also grown in America, Texas. The Brazilians prefer to deal with companies, rather than individuals when doing business. The people have a close adherence to business etiquette like the Americans. The Saudi Arabians are primarily Arabs and Muslims. Greetings are very formal in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, people in the U.S don’t take too much time greeting each other. Women in Saudi Arabia dress in abayas (cloths that cover the entire body except the face and hands). The manner of doing business in Saudi Arabia is largely similar to that of the U.S.A in terms of etiquette and communication style. The country is the Middle East’s lar gest trading partner of the U.K. Dressing in suits and ties is a similarity for Saudi and American businessmen.  Territorial-wise, Russia is the largest country in the world. With Russian serving as the main language, the country has over 190 ethnic groups. Christianity, Islam and Tengrism are the primary religions of Russia. The Russians eat unique foods such as Borshch, Caviar and Pirozhkis. The Russians value time keeping highly when doing business. The ceremonial practice of receiving and exchanging business cards is taken seriously in Russia.

Prose Coursework Essay Example for Free

Prose Coursework Essay One of my favourite short stories is The Birds by Daphne du Maurier. This story is set on a farm on the Cornish coast. The story is based on the main character, Nat Hocken and his wife, and their two children, Johnny and Jill. This is all set in the mid 1900s, at the start of December. It all starts on the 3rd of December. The birds were behaving in a strange manner. Their formations were abnormal, and they looked as if they were planning a liberation or attack. Nat notices all of these activities but does not pay any attention. Later that night the birds started to attack the windows. Nat opened the window and lots of birds flew in and started to assault and harm him. Nat thought that it would be the end of the aggression attacks but he was wrong. Day after day the birds begin to attack more and more aggressively very often. Nat starts concluding that the weather definitely has a lot to do with the birds actions. He now realises that all the common children that he had formerly told to run home are probably0 dead. From now on Nats duty was to protect his family only. When the birds finally broke into the childrens bedroom, Nat then began to pitch and hurl punches towards the birds. He then grabs one of the bed sheets and chucks it over the birds. Then he started to hurl a bed sheet around the room bouncing and hitting it off and into the walls until the birds were either severely injured or dead. Nat is very protective because he takes the risk of attack by boarding up the house and getting the supplies from the now deceased neighbours up the road. At the end they have realised that these sequences of events are happening all over the world. Nat theorized on the millions of years of repressed feeling that the birds had towards the human race and other species on planet earth. After realising that the wireless has no unique or any predicament transmissions to the public or even the world about these attacks, the silence was tensile. Nat had now given up any hope of survival from these anarchists who which represented a race in the animal kingdom that we believed was harmless. My next story is A message from the Pig-Man by John Wain. This story is set in early 1900s in what seems to be the city of London. This story is about a young boy called Eric of around the age of six. His parents are separated and he lives with his Mum and her boyfriend, Donald. Eric always imagines that the Pig-Man is almost like a character from a horror story. When he first heard about the Pig-Man, he started to ponder what the Pig-Man would look like. He concentrates various prospectives about the image of the Pig-Man, The Pig-Mans bucket had a handle; so he must carry it in the ordinary way, in his hand-unless, of course, and he walked on all fours and carried it in his mouth. But that wasnt very likely, because if he walked on all fours what difference would there be between him and an ordinary pig? Eric is very imaginative in his quest to find out what the Pig-Man really is. He realises it is better to confront your problems he asks his mum why dad cant live at home. When she cant answer he gets angry and claims that he hates all adults. The main characters are Eric, Donald, Mum, Dad and the Pig Man. In this story Eric is the pushy character. He keeps considering his theories about the Pig Man and is anxious to find out which one is correct. Donald has a small part in this story, but does get caught in the middle of one of Erics interferences where he asks his Mum why cant his Dad and Donald live together in the house. I believe that Donald must have felt very uncomfortable at that moment in time. The Pig Man is the one at the centre of attention in this story. He causes Eric to behave in a ridiculous way but not for a child. At the start the Pig Mans character is almost mysterious, as the adults do not tell us what his image is like; we only hear Erics knowledge of the Pig Man that is at the minimum. Erics dad is the one who confuses Eric about buying the train set and then leaving which leads to Eric questioning why him and Donald cant stay with Eric and his mum. The vernacular in this short story is evocative towards what perceptions you can have about someone or something when at a young age or unaware of the purpose or the appearance of an individual. What is interesting about these two stories is that they deal with problems that the characters must face for themselves and overcome; one the boy doesnt understand why the dad and the mums boyfriend (Donald) cant live together and he doesnt understand the term Pig Man. And the other is that Nat doesnt understand why the birds are attacking the Village and the world. He finds out when they time their attacks when he realises it had something to do with the tides.

Michael Jackson As A Product Music Essay

Michael Jackson As A Product Music Essay Michael Jackson was born at Gray , Indiana in 1958 to an African-American couple, Joseph Walter Jackson and Katherine Esther Scruse. Though Michael had a very troubled relationship with his father at very early stages of his life, being born into a family with a musical background has contributed to the elevation of Michael into becoming the King of Pop. His career started as early as at the age of 5. In 1963, he was part of Jackson 5, a band that consisted of his four other brothers. Although at initial stages the band entertained their local surroundings, it captured a professional interest in 1968 when it signed a contract to Motown Records. By 1970, the group has gained enormous popularity and has topped music charts with hits such as Ill Be There, I want You Back, ABC and a few others. Michael has done four solo hits at this time. His solo Ben stood number one on the charts. After three glorious years, the sales started to decline forcing the Jacksons to leave Motown in 1975. Later that year, renaming the band as The Jacksons, they signed to Epic Records. Soon, Michaels outstanding performances and natural talent set him apart from the rest and made him central focus (Telegraph, 2009). Building on the relationship with producer Quincy Jones, formed at the time of acting in his musical movie The Wiz, Michael has released Off the Wall jointly produced by Jones. Off the Wall generated four US top ten hits, obtained number three on the billboard 200, sold over 20 million copies globally, and fetched various prestigious awards from American, Billboard and Grammy. This album has said to have brought 37% of wholesale album profits, the highest ever royalty rate in the music industry (USA Today, 2009). However, the best is yet to come. In 1982, the music business world has witnessed an unpredicted storm with the release of his Thriller. It has won him 8 of the 12 nominated Grammy awards, spent 122 weeks on the Billboard 200, sold over 50 million copies globally, and has since then remained the best selling album ever. However, the albums success cant be measured by sales alone, says Mitchell and Newman (2009), as Jackson moonwalked his way into history of music, Thriller set a new benchmark for blockbusters that changed how the music business promoted and marketed superstar releases. It also changed MTV, she continues, breaking down the cable networks racial barriers and raising the bar for video quality. Amidst the turmoil in music business at that time, he was described as a one man rescue team for the music business (Corliss, 2009). It exposed Michael as song writer, singer and dancer. Later that year, his fame reached further heights with the disclose of his signature Moonwalk live on Motowns 25:Yesterday, Today, Forever television show. The period between 1984 and 1992 has showcased Michaels business acumen. During this time he purchased Beatles back catalogue for $47 million, built Neverland ranch, founded Heal the World to aid children and environment, wrote a biography titled moonwalk, cause marketed to raise the funds for the poor in Africa and signed $1 billion 15 year contract with Sony. The Beatles purchase proved to be a great business move which guaranteed him millions of dollars of income forever (Strauss, 1996). In him was a wise investor, marketing genius but a shopping spree. However, at this time, the interest in business did not affect his music career as he released two albums, Bad and Dangerous. Although, the albums were not in race with Thriller, they kept him a float. But even as Jackson grew richer and more successful observes Leung (2005), his personal life took a strange turn: his face, his colour, his sex, his outfits, his marriage, and his lifestyle. And further, she opines, as the media zoomed in, he began to look more like a circus side show than a musical superstar.The much adored and worshiped innocent image of Michael has began to show up cracks in the early part of 1993, when a 13 year old accused him of child abuse at his Neverland. Although he denied the accusation, he reportedly settled it outside of court for $20 million causing suspicions (Independent, 2009). This was just a glimpse of numerous rumours and accusations to befall. Soon, Michaels image has begun to be questioned from every nook and corner and was surrounded by controversiesFrom physical transformation to song writing, from being married to becoming father of surrogate mother born child, from peter pan utopian ideas to adopting a chimp, from not exposing his children i n front of media to dangling his third child blanket out of balcony, from his new business contracts to his financial bankruptcy, from attending a Grammy ceremony on triple date to showing in court wearing pyjamas, and from label disputes to taking painkillers or drugs; every single move of him was under constant monitoring and was consistently linked to controversies. Acquisitions of physical transformation include plastic surgeries and bleaching. The suspected change of sex and colour has given a room from many moral and ethical allegations. The accused self-induced change from black to white has been reported as betrayal of black community (Topping, 2009). Although, Michael has responded with clarifications about the skin disease he posses and mental and physical turmoil he went through in his child hood (to argue his innocent love for children) in the famous interview of Opera Winfrey and by writing songs such as It does not matter if you are Black or White, they did not yield any results. In the surge of these allegations, his marriage to Lisa Marie Presley, the daughter of Elvis Presley was surprising to many. However, the marriage was short lived. He then married for the second time, a nurse named Debbie Rowe in 1996. The couple had two children- son, Prince Michael Jackson in 1997 and daughter, Paris Michael Jackson in 1998. The second marriage was also resulted in divorce in 1999. A year later, Michael had a third child, speculated to be born of a surrogate mother. Amidst this personal life turmoil, not so surprisingly the 1990s have been barren in terms of musical revenue. Though the release of the best selling remix album ever: Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix, the Dangerous world tour, a few charity events, a couple of shows celebrating his 30th anniversary and most acclaimed half time performance of Super Bowl XXVII have looked to rejuvenate his image, dangling his third child out of third floor balcony in 2002, the British journalist, Martin Bashirs documentary, Living with Michael Jackson, (in which the pop icon reportedly told that he shared bed with young children) in 2003, the second child abuse allegations, and following the pop stars arrest in 2004 based on these and many other relative allegations have further fueled the outrage (Rolling Stone, 2009). Ironically, in the following year Michael was acquitted of all these charges. In 2006, his Neverland ranch was closed due to labour disputes and he moved to Bahrain to star t a new. However, the controversies have never left him as he entered into dispute with King of Bahrain on several matters. As a late surge in the declining stage of his career, he and AEG, the music promoter, announced a surprise comeback to take place on 11th of July 2009. However, Michael goes into cardiac arrest and dies at the age of 50. Even in death the controversies did not desert him as there were many speculations on how he died. In the vocabulary of Product Life Cycle (PLC), beginning in 1963 up until 1978, Michael was in introduction stage, where he was a part of a group. He created awareness among music industry with his electric and outstanding performances. His stand alone performances from the group have served as trail before the actual solos at a later stage. Although being a part of group, he built a name for himself among music producers and customers. From 1978, with scarecrow role in the musical movie The Wiz has entered into Growth stage. Teaming up with Quincy Jones, the producer, he has extended his image to new markets. With albums like Thriller, performances like Moonwalk, endorsements contracts like Pepsi, and cause marketing and charity works like We are the World profits and sales have seen an unbelievable growth. All due to the improved quality, styling and added new value attributes to the music. And, thus, he was able to open up entirely anew distribution channels. The invention of music video genre, improved quality of the same, lip-syncing to pre-recorded voice in live performances and access to a whole new distribution channel in the form of MTV are a few of the many examples. The year 1986 has seen the start of Maturity stage. The sales and profits have reached to such a peak stage that, even the commercial success of Bad with over 30 million copy sales worldwide were considered lower. With the controversies regarding personal life beginning to creep into musical career the rate of sales growth slowed down. With the emergence of numerous controversies coupled with customers churn and competition, the early part of 1990s have seen the beginning of the end-the decline stage. The changes in his music videos with construction of sexual and violent natured images did not suit many customer preferences. The banning of In the closet in South Africa is a proof of the same. In the beginning of 2009, Michael calling it a final curtain call planned to perform 50 concerts (which saw a record breaking ticket sales and estimated to make close to $100m) but has met with his untimely death. So, Michael Jackson as a product (or marketing offering) has a similar life cycle to that of many others. However, what seems unique to him is the reincarnation or another cycle after its death-Product Death Cycle (PDC). Buried under huge financial debts for most part of his life, Michaels earnings have grown by millions after his death. Under various film, contract and merchandising deals, he has earned close to $200 million by the end of the year (Arango, 2009). Even beyond 2009, he is expected to earn close to 100 million per annum. For the man who left mark on over a 6 billion people, the Neverland and many other places on his name could be money generating machines for eternity from the tourists. The commercial renaissance after his death can be witnessed in almost everything-the physical and online retail outlets, the Billboard charts, radios, TV shows, internet and the like. As the digital music listeners fell back to CDs, over 422,000 copies of his albums were sold in the second week after his death, 40 times higher than the first one (Deprez, 2009). As per online, he notes, the shares of Apple, Amazon and eBay rose more than 2%, 1.3% and 0.64% respectively and expected to be long lasting. According to Silvio Pietroluongo , the Billboard director of charts, the level of dominance by Michael Jackson on the top pop catalogue albums chart is unlike anything one has ever seen on any Billboard chart, regardless if it occurred pre or post death (Smith, 2009). Michael Jackson topped the search list of all the major search engines for the year including Google, Yahoo and Bing (Michael Jackson, 2009). Britney Spears, whose name topped the yahoo search for past four years has been wiped out within an hour of his death as millions of users poured into it in no time (FD Wire, 2009). His music and videos became ubiquitous on the radios, iPods, MP3 players, televisions and internet (Sisario, 2009). As Barker (2009) puts it, his commemorative products and memorabilia are like the stimulus package 3 in the midst of global recession. In the contemporary capitalistic world, death of a few popular celebrities has always transformed into brilliant business opportunities (Porter, 2009). However, in the case of Michael Jackson, the opportunities in generating sale in death as in life are totally at par. Its not a day or a week affair; it is here to stay longer and thus might need another cycle.

Operational Management At Pepsi Cola Company Commerce Essay

Operational Management At Pepsi Cola Company Commerce Essay At present new product decision is taken by the top management. Demand for new product is investigated by production manager- terms of raw material, machinery operations, and quality. Fro this purpose he can get guidance from constructions. Finance department evaluates financial viability. Sample production is conducted. Response from buyer in terms of satisfaction and companys ability to meet the requirement helps in deciding to produce new product. Process Design: In the company process is continuous supply of concentrate is critical but process can be automated. Process is flexible and production on plant can be changed within one hour. Production on plant can be changed within one hour. Production is of large scale and covers a wide area for the distribution of the product. Facility Design and Layout: Facility design and physical layout of plant, supporting facilities and building is provided by the parent company that is PEPSI COLA International. Transportation costs with the plant is minimum. Physical layout provides maximum utilization of available space by optimizing costs. Inventory: Company is not using the quantitative methods for calculating economic order quantity, reorder point, safety stock and annual inventory cost. The company does not give importance to control inventory cost. Lead time is usually 2 days an in an exceptional case it can be up to 4-5 days. this also one reason that EOQ, ROP, lead time are calculated using qualitative techniques, by estimates of experienced managers. Martial Requirement Planning: Company produces beverages and uses Sugar, Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia and concentrate as raw material. Sot drink is a seasonal product. Most of the sale is done during summer season. Concentrate is bought from the franchiser PepsiCo. Sugar is bought directly from the sugar manufacturers of the area. CO2 is prepared within the premises, which is enough for the full capacity of two plants. When during samara 4 plants are in working, CO2 is purchased from the outside suppliers. Company Profile: Pepsi co. is infect a corporation listed in the New York Stock Exchange USA. It is the owner of globe products like Pepsi Cola, Team, Marinda etc. Being owner of the products they give the rights of manufactures of its products to different countries. All over the world, the products are standard. If you buy a Pepsi from a remote area like Talamba and from Washington D.C., you will find absolutely same taste and color. Because Pepsi Co. has strict quality standards. And the franchisees have to follow these standards. Otherwise they have to face penalties from the real owners of the product. In Pakistan there are 10 units of Pepsi cola are working. Each unit has its own license of production. And each unit has its own territory in which it can sell its products. No unit can interfere in the area of other unit. Brief History: The company was introduced in 1967 as a (Pvt.) Limited company. It started its production in 1968. In the early stages it was famous with the name of 7-up factory. Because 7-up was its first product. The other brands were introduced after 7-up. Pepsi Cola, Marinda and Green Marinda have been different products of Shamim and Co. Since its introduction. At present 7-up, Pepsi Cola and Marinda are being produced. Company Characteristics: Shamim Co. is the biggest soft drink manufacturing unit in Pakistan with its four plants having full capacity of 50,000 crates per day. Company covers area of Southern Punjab including Sahiwal, Mianwali, Rajan Pur, Bahawalnagar and Khan Pur. Departmentalization: There are six departments in the company, which are production, Marketing, Finance, Sales, Shipping administration and personnel. In each deptt. there is a manger which is responsible for the working of his department to the general manager. A manager has an assistant manager. After Ass. A manager their are Shift Incharge in production and supervisors in sales. They control the activities of operatives. Product Planning: Shamim and company works under licensee of Pepsi Co., as explained earlier. At present Shamim and Company does not possess the ownership of any product. All of its products are originally owned by Pepsi Co. New York. Franchiser gives concentrate and sets quality standards for it products. Company just follows these standards and produces beverages. Uptill now the company has not produced any product of its own and there is no concept of product planning in future as well, because the management considers it a very theme to introduce a new brand of their own. In the brand like Pepsi Cola and 7-up are selling in the market like hot cackes. Meanwhile the people in Pakistan are reluctant to purchase Pakistan branded beverages and we dont find any successful domestic brands of soft drinks in Pakistan. Thats why the management does not have any motivation to do product planning. In a dynamic market the company may expand, add or relocate new facilities, which means that location decisions are made the life of a company. Location decisions are important due to following reasons. Competition. Cost. Hidden effects. Factors that effect the location decisions are Market related factors. Tangible Cost factors.  · Transportation.  · Labor availability and costs.  · Energy availability and costs.  · Water availability and costs.  · Site and construction cost.  · Taxes. Intangible Factors.  · Legal regulation.  · Community attitude.  · Expansion potential.  · Living conditions. Operations Planning: Product Planning: Shamim and company works under licensee of Pepsi Co., as explained earlier. At present Shamim and Company does not possess the ownership of any product. All of its products are originally owned by Pepsi Co. New York. Franchiser gives concentrate and sets quality standards for it products. Company just follows these standards and produces beverages. Up till now the company has not produced any product of its own and there is no concept of product planning in future as well, because the management considers it a very theme to introduce a new brand of their own. In the brand like Pepsi Cola and 7-up are selling in the market like hot cackes. Meanwhile the people in Pakistan are reluctant to purchase Pakistan branded beverages and we dont find any successful domestic brands of soft drinks in Pakistan. Thats why the management does not have any motivation to do product planning. In a dynamic market the company may expand, add or relocate new facilities, which mean that location decisions are made over the life of a company. Location decisions are important due to following reasons. Competition. Cost. Hidden effects. Factors that effect the location decisions are Market related factors. Tangible Cost factors.  · Transportation.  · Labor availability and costs.  · Energy availability and costs.  · Water availability and costs.  · Site and construction cost.  · Taxes. Intangible Factors.  · Legal regulation.  · Community attitude.  · Expansion potential.  · Living conditions. Location Design Location of manufacturing operations can have a graet impact on operating cost, profit and price at which products are offered. As far allocation is concerned the companys strategy consists of selecting the location from which the potential market will be served. The location of facility involves the commitment of resources to long range plan.. Location of industry is selected on the basis of  Ã‚ µ Availability of raw material on cheap prices and maximization of profits.  Ã‚ µ Proximity to potential customers.  Ã‚ µ In plant location objective is to minimize the sum of all costs, not only todays but long term cotsts. There may arise four questions for facility aspects. 1. Types of facilities needed. 2. Location of facilities. 3. Design / Layout of facilities. 4. Capacity planning. Company Location: Shamim and company is located near MDA chowk Multan in province of Punjab. The site of company is not of some strategic value. Because Shamim and Co. covers a large area of Southern Punjab. So there is no importance of site with reference to the other cities of this area. Any way; site of the company is considerable for Multan. Process Design and Facility Layout Having done the location selection company design a building, select the appropriate process technology and equipment and arranges it in away so that it has greatest potential to meet the strategic demand of organization. The type of operations to be performed in a facility, influence the facilitys needs and layouts. Equipment involved effects the layout. Facilities must be designed for the efficient operations in the organization. Layout for Operations: Facility is designed in numerous ways to support this work to be done within each facility numerous factors must be considered. Amount of available space and its shape. Design objective is very imprint. some of layouts are:  · Retail layout.  · Office layout.  · Distribution and ware house layout.  · Manufacturing layout. Manufactering Process: In Shamim Co. manufactering process is as follows; Water Extraction: Raw water is extracted from the sources. It is treated to remove its hardness. Here water is tested in lab to check it harness. If water has some Co3 or Hco3 it is drained and again soft water is used in the preperation of syrup. Preperation of Syrup: Syrup is prepared with sugar, concentrate and water. this syurup is heated upto 90 C to get it pasturized. this hot syrup is collled down and stored in the tanks. Here lab testing of syrup is done to check its quality standard. Production: Syrup is sent to Carbo Cooler. During flow of syrup from tanks to Carbo Coolers, Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide are mixed in the syrup. In production process empty is feeded from on side. This emplty is washed and light check is done to see quality of washing. From Carbo Cooler syrup goes to the Filler. At filler syrup is filled in the empty bottles, and Cap Crown is fixed on the bottols. Here and operater looks after the filling process. He can increase, derease or even stop production speed accordingly. Filled bottols are tested in lab. by taking samples. Light check is done to check the level of syrup in bottles and chek some solid partieals. The overfilled or underfilled bottols are separated. If some partical is found in some bottlol it is also separated. After light check bottols passed under a printer and code is printed on the bottoles, with this code the date of manufactering and shift time can be identified. When all checking process is done the bottlols are cased in the crates. The whole process of manufactaring is automatic. It required a little supervision. Raw material is put from one side and filled bottles come out of the process. Support Facilities: Support facilities are carried out in such a way that the direct operations can function smoothely. support facilities are essential for operations. Some of departments to be considered in layour are  · Inventories, material and suppliers.  · Tool room.  · Inspection and quality control.  · First aid.  · Maintenance.  · Safety and security.  · Clerical and bookkeeping.  · Tube well.  · Airconditioning plant.  · Transformer.  · Equipment for work shop.  · Bailing press.  · Parking facility.  · Canteen.  · Emergency situation analysis. Issuance of Different Items: When production department requires a particular item from inventory, they fill the requisition slip. One copy is kept at the store and a carbon copy is kept by the production deptt. This slip includes the quantity issued, stock register page number, iteem code, This slip is signed by the production manager. Inventory items are issued on these slip. Control of Inventory: At the end of each month, store prepares a monthly consumption report. This report includes the detail of all the inventory items which were consumed by the production deptt. of Shamim Co. during the month. In this way the inventory is controlled in the Shamim Company. Quality Control: The quality control should 1. Define specific product and service quality level requirements. 2. Determine the relationship of design and process characteristric to output quality and related process requirement. 3. Dewtermine methods, personnel and equipment for measuring quality. 4. Measure and record the quality achieved. 5. Trigger corrective processess when actual quality varies from the acceptable quality. Specification of quality requirements begins in market research continue as part of the product design activity, and culminates in the quality specification and design subsystem output. That output defineates the specific product or service attribute that effect the quality and must be assured. The Quality Specification And Design Subsystem The activities of this subsysten are integral part of the product design activities, its objectives are to be determine that the new design output 1. Will meet the customer need. 2. Will operate under end use conditions. 3. Can be produced or provided given the organizions capabilities. 4. Will function with the specified level of reliability interms of minimum means time between failure. 5. Will require less than a specified amount of maintaince hours and material costs operating hour. 6. Can be required within a certain time frame. Quality Assurance: Quality assurance is the title given to those management activities and systems required to provide assurance that the over all quality controlled task is being carried out. The quality asssurance system is the aggregate quality management system. It interfaces with other general management system performong similar functions relative to the organizations financial personnel facilities and marketing policies and capability. a) Proper use of the product and the conditions under which use is dangerous and unadviceable. b) Document the product liability planning and procedures as well as the result of all tests and inspections. Process Quality Planning Control Subsystem: This subsystem concerns the what, where, when, who of quality control during operations. It frequently involves major expenditure for personnel, equipment, inspection and testing activity. The objectives of this subsystem are to be 1. Determine the process attribute and characteristic to be measured. 2. Determine the methods of measurement and develope detalied instructions describing the measurement process. 3. Determine, select and train the personnel required to implement the quality control procedures. 4. Measure and record operational quality interms of the number of defects and seriousness of defects and causes of defect. . Measurement And Documentation Product quality must be measured on both quantitative and qualitative basis, and the measurements must be recorder. Quantification of the qualitative aspects occurs whe defects are classified into categories such as critical major, and minor, which were describe earlier. A classification such as this one of the inputs to the organizations as greater measure of quality. Product or services that do not meet the desired quality standards generate two types of required corrective actions 1. The disposition of the defective product or service. 2. An analysis of the cause of the defeciencies. MAJOR COMPETITOR : COCA COLA: QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS  Ã…’ (COCA COLA) A Tour through Our Scientific Manufacturing Processes The Coca-Cola Company ensures the supreme quality of its beverages by employing globally accepted and validated manufacturing processes and Quality Management Systems. Let us now take you through the processes and Quality Assurance Programs followed by our world-class manufacturing facilities in India Testing Source Water For Plant Site Selection The site for our manufacturing plants are finalized only after the source water has been tested for all requirements of potable water. The analysis is always conducted by independent third party accredited laboratories. The source water is then properly protected and re-tested periodically to ensure that it conforms to international standards. The water is then drawn through sealed pipelines into the storage tanks placed in secured water treatment areas of the manufacturing plant. Water Treatment Know the Chemistry Of Purity The first step in the process of manufacturing soft drinks is to disinfect the water using globally approved chlorination procedures. This ensures that all micro-organisms including pathogens are destroyed. It also removes organic and inorganic impurities caused by oxidation of heavy metal ions. The second step is the filtration at the molecular level, which is achieved either by coagulation/flocculation or reverse osmosis. Contaminants commonly removed by this process include: Dirt, clay and any other suspended matter in the water. Microbial matter (including bacteria, yeast, moulds, virus, protozoa). Heavy metals and compounds which may cause an off-taste. The third step to stop potential contaminants is water purification using granular activated carbon filters. The granular activated carbon, with its large and porous surface area, ensures effective removal of trace levels of organic compounds (including pesticides and herbicides), colour, off-taste and odour-causing compounds using the principle of absorption. The last step is polishing filtration, which is passing water through high efficiency 5-micron filters to ensure every drop of treated water is free from any activated carbon fines and is safe for use in beverages. The Purity Of Our Sugar Is Crystal Clear Our sugar selection process is as stringent as our water purification process. The sugar, bought from high-grade authorized mills, is cleaned with a globally acclaimed carbon treatment process. A purified sugar syrup is created which is then blended with the soft drink concentrate. Carbon Dioxide Meeting International Purity Standards We procure carbon-dioxide, meeting international purity standards, from authorized suppliers. The gas then goes through stringent quality control checks before it used in the beverage. All the three primary ingredients used in beverage, the syrup, treated water and carbon-dioxide, are blended as per The Coca-Cola Companys specifications. The Automated Bottling Process We use a fully automated process to recycle the glass bottles returned from the market. These bottles are sanitized at high temperatures with specially formulated cleaning agents. They are then transported to the filler after a thorough visual inspection. After they are filled, in a high-speed automated filling machine, the bottles are capped/crowned, date coded and packed into crates/cartons. The complete manufacturing process has a well defined and structured Quality Control and Assurance Program. All the manufacturing facilities employ qualified, experienced and trained professionals for manufacturing and testing of our products. All the bottling facilities follow the Good Manufacturing Practices requirements as applicable to the food industry. All manufacturing equipment fulfil the stringent requirements of GMP and sanitary design. The entire Quality Management system of each plant is documented, managed and continually improved through aworld-wide accepted system of TCCQS (The Coca-Cola Quality System). BACK TO PEPSI : The latter units are approved on a variance basis: Many organizations establish a material review board, consisting of engineering, manufacturing quality control, marketing and a customer reprentative to review proposed rework of defective parts that are out side the standards of blueprints qualifications. Approval by all the members must be received before rework can proceed. Purchase Of Raw Material: Direct raw material for the products include the following items. i) Sugar ii) Concentrate iii) Treated water iv) Empty bottle v) Amonia and Carbon Dioxide. From above items only concentrate is provided by the franchiser. All other raw material is purchased by the company itself. Sugar Quality Testing: Purchase of sugar is a critical step in the purchase of raw material. When sugar bags are arrived at the plant that time it has to pass through a strict quality check. In fact sugar quality is very very important in the production of the beverages. . Water Treatment Tests: The company has installed four tubewells to meet the requirement of water. The extracted water is then treated for the use in the final processing. At different staged of treatment tests include: 1 Upper tap tests. 2 Sand filter and carbon purifier test. 3 Water softness test. For this purpose the company has prepared forms for the record of these tests which are signed by the shift incharge after each shift. If he observed some abnormality he stops supply from one container and provides the required water through other container. The company has two containers for the supply and storage of trated water. The closed container is then sanitized and washed back. The sanitation and washing back of containers is also done at regular basis, after ten days. Syrup Testing: After mixing water, sugar and concentrate it is treated at 900 C and then it is stored in the tanks. This is called simple syrup. This syrup is tested in the lab. This syrup goes into carbo cooler. Here Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide are mixed in the syrup. This is called finished syrup. The finished syrup is also tested in the lab. If chemist finds any deviation from the standards, the syrup is drained before any further processing. Finished Bottle Tests When the bottles are filled at filler, the chemist take sample after every half hour. If any deviation from the standard is found the whole batch is drained before going in market. A microbiological test is also taken by the chemist after a week of production. If any kind of germs growth is found the stored bottles are declared rejected. Forecasting: Planning and control for operations require an estimate of the demand for the product for the service that an organization expects to provide in the future. Numerous methods for the aart and science of forecasting have been develop and reported in the literature. The field of forecasting is full of instances at both government and individual firm levels. For short term decisions, we need forecasting methods that are relatively inexpensive to install and maintain and that can be adapted to situaations involving a large number of items to be forecast. For immidiate range plans, useful forcasts will probably be aggregated by product types. Detailed forecasts for each individual item may not be necessary. Since the relaative frequency of forecasts is lower and the number of different product types for which forecasts are made is smaller than in the case for the short term decisions, forecasting methods that require modest cost and effort could be employed. Demand Foracasting By Shamim Company:- In fact Shamim Company is a product focused companywhich highly emphasize on the production of the products. Due to the environment of the market and continuously changing demand, the management relies on qualitative methods. As the company has a seasonal business so the demand is high in the months of April, May, June, July and August. This is the peak season for the company. So for the forecast of the next demand the company sees the data of sales of the same month and the trend is observed. MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING Materials related decisions must be coordinated to make efficient use of resources. Both ther necessary material inputs and the necessary capacity must be available before transformationcan be performed to know when materials will be available before it can accurately sshedule use of capacity. It has to have some idea what capacity will be available before it can know when materials will be needed. Large companies that buy large quantities of items over extendedperiod can sometime exert enough pressure on suppliers to ontain material almost when they want them. Companies that do not make large purchases may have to fit their schedules to the dates on which material can be obtained, or purchase with sufficient lead time so that material will be available when the companies need them. Continous manufacturing operations usually involve all aspects of materials management. Regardless of the way a company may be organised , several material functions probably are performed by some organizational structure of a company and assignments of resposibilities depend on the capabilities of employee and the need of the organization as percieved by its decision maker. MATERIAL REQUIREMENT PLANNING OF SHAMIM COMPANY There are two major raw materials for products of Shamim Company. These are concentrate and sugar. Other raw material include raw water, empty bottles, Ammonia gas, Carbon Dioxide gas, caustic soda, chemicals for laboratories, and stationary items. RECOMMENDATIONS Formula the Pepsi should adopt is three way of telling customers = Tell them you are cool. = Tell them in a big way. = Keep telling this to them. Pepsi forgot that people dont drink cola they drink can, so they have to make innovations for their cans and promotional marketing. They also failed to adhere to its commitment to export 50% of its production in india, so they should concentrate on what they said. Pepsi began exporting products such as tea rice and shrimp. An agricultural research center should be establish.

othello :: essays research papers

Othello, Moorish commander of the armed forces of Venice, had secretly married Desdemona, the much younger daughter of the respected Senator Brabantio. Capitalizing on this news, Othello's ensign, Iago, who had earlier professed his desires to Desdemona without receiving her love in return, sought revenge. Also passed over for promotion as Othello's new lieutenant chief of staff, the Moor having chosen instead a loyal Florentine, Michael Cassio, Iago now devised a scheme to rid himself of these sorry reminders of his own failings. He dispatched his inexperienced follower, Roderigo, to inform Brabantio of the illicit marriage. The thought of a beguiling Moor's marrying his beloved daughter without consent, led the Senator with his guards to Othello's house. However, violence was postponed by the report of an imminent attack on Cyprus from armed Turkish galleys. The Duke of Venice summoned Othello to the senate chambers. When Desdemona appeared and professed her love for Othello, the Duke cleared him of wrongdoing, saying to Brabantio, "If virtue no delighted beauty lack, / Your son-in-law is far more fair than black." Then the Duke directed his courageous commander to lead the Venetian forces to Cyprus in its defense. With his honor intact, and through Desdemona's pleas to remain with her love, Othello gained permission to have her sail with him. For the voyage, Othello entrusted Desdemona to the care of Iago's wife, Emilia, who did not suspect her husband's treachery. Before the soldier band could reach its enemy, a storm destroyed the Turkish fleet and dispersed the Venetian vessels. Fortunately, all of Othello's ships returned safely to Cyprus and Othello and his bride were reunited. Iago's hateful plan turned now to lies and innuendo. Seeing the infatuation his pawn Roderigo had for Desdemona, Iago engaged Rodcrigo in conversation, promising that he could secure for him Desdemona's love: I hate the Moor. My cause is hearted: thine both no less reason. Let s be conjunctive in our revenge against him. If thou canst cuckold him, thou dost thyself a pleasure, me a sport. But then evil Iago demanded a price for Desdemona: Roderigo would have to engage Cassio in a fight during the lieutenant's night watch. Iago further fanned Roderigo's readiness to kill Cassio by claiming that Cassio was Desdcmona's latest love. That night Iago succeeded in getting Cassio drunk, and the brawl turned to riot. By way of reprimand, Othello was forced to demotc Cassio, a severe blow to the high-ranking officer.

Essay --

Chapter 11; Question 4 1. What term denotes punishment by execution of someone officially judged to have committed a serious crime? The term that denotes the punishment by execution of someone officially judged to have committed a serious crime is capital punishment. Capital punishment is now defined as when a person commits a serious crime such as first-degree murder or for intentional killing of a police officer. In the past times the Western world used capital punishment for crimes such as witchcraft, rape, treason, kidnapping, murder, and many other acts that were deemed criminal offenses. Until recent decades, a lot of states in the United States of America practiced this form of punishment, but many of them have decided to use capital sentences aka death penalty for more serious crimes such as the case of State of NH vs. Michael Addison which involved the intentional killing of a Manchester N.H. police officer because of the controversial arguments that surrounds the ethical concerns with the death penalty sentence. Unfortunately, the judicial system has too many flaws and is not 100% fool proof to prevent the unjustifiable conviction and execution of a wrongly accused person so most convicted death row inmates spend many years in jail before the capital punishment sentence is carried out, to allow the proper legal rights of the accused to be carried out. The methods of execution that has been used through the many years are: âž ¢ Hanging- it is the method that a rope noose is put around the criminal’s neck and a platform they are standing on was removed from beneath them. âž ¢ Firing squad- a group of armed shooters lined up and the accused would stand, blindfolded and upon command the armed shooters would shoot several rounds ... ...Marriage'." CNS News.com. N.p., 9 Dec. 2013. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. . Catholic News Service. "The Catholic Church, Homosexuality and Gay Marriage." The Catholic Church, Homosexuality and Gay Marriage. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. . "First Degree Murder Law & Legal Definition." First Degree Murder Law & Legal Definition. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. . "Lethal Injection Procedures." Lethal Injection Procedures. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. . "Methods of Execution: Gas Chamber."Methods of Execution: Gas Chamber. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013.

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay

JetBlue Airways Corporation has been a rapidly growing discount airline and biggest success story in the industry by using its strong customer service considerations and low fares to build a solid, growing customer base. Synopsis JetBlue Airways Corporation has established itself as a low-fare passenger airline with a differentiated product and a high-quality customer service. They focus on serving underserved markets and large metropolitan areas that have high average fares. They offer both short-haul and long-haul routes that are point-to-point rather than the ‘hub and spoke† route system that has been adopted by most major U. S. airlines. JetBlue was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998 and started operations in February 2000. On April 11, 2002 they announced their initial public offering of its common stock. Their base of operations is at New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). On February 14, 2003, JetBlue began their West Coast base of operations at Long Beach Municipal Airport, which serves the Los Angeles area. JetBlue currently operates 180 flights per day. Profile and Mission JetBlue’s goal is to be the leading low-fare passenger airline by offering customers a differentiated product and high-quality customer service. JetBlue can offer low-fares due to its low operating costs. Cost per available seat mile was 6. 2 cents as compared to the reported average cost per available seat mile of 9. 58 cents offered by other major U. S. airlines. JetBlue attributes the low unit costs to the high productivity of its assets and employees. Some of the factors that lead to the low unit costs are the efficient utilization of the aircraft, the operation of only one type of aircraft, which is the Airbus A320, with a single class of service, a productive workforce, and low distribution costs. JetBlue has acquired an all-new fleet of aircraft, the Airbus A320. They currently operate 45 (53 by the end of 2003), with plans to order 100 more. These planes are expected to start arriving in mid-2005 with scheduled completion set for 2011. Each Airplane has a single class layout with a wider cabin space than the competitor’s airplanes. In addition, each airplane is equipped with 162 leather seats with free 24-channel satellite T. V. at each seat. The aircraft is fuel-efficient, very reliable, and versatile. JetBlue has established a strong brand that differentiates itself from its competitors as a safe, reliable, low-fare airline. It does not sacrifice its customer service or an enjoyable flying experience to achieve those features. JetBlue has a strong company culture. It achieves this by hiring friendly, helpful, team-oriented, and customer-focused people. JetBlue has positioned itself in New York, the nation’s largest travel market. JetBlue flies out of lighter congested JFK airport, which has allowed it to provide reliable service. JetBlue has 75 exemption slots that would allow them to fly during the congested period; however two-thirds of the flights are scheduled outside of the peak period. The management team at JetBlue has considerable experience in the airline industry. For example, the experience comes from successful-low-cost leaders such as Southwest Airlines and the extensive experience of managing airline operations in the New York area. Finally, JetBlue has a competitive edge with their advanced technology. The use of laptop computers in the cockpit allows the pilot to calculate weight & balance and takeoff performance. Pilots also use the laptops to access manuals in electronic format. JetBlue features ticketless travel and 4 cabin security cameras on each plane. And for further protection, each airplane has a bulletproof cockpit.

China’s Renminbi: “Our Currency, Your Problem” Essay

Our Currency, Your Problem is a case involving the issue of tack swan regimes and the impact notes manipulation has on economies and make out. The United States and europium argued that the Renminbi (RMB) was under prized and claimed that the Peoples Bank of mainland china (PBoC) delibe positionly manipulated the sub outrank to littleer the prices of exports, which caused the US and Europe to run huge mess deficits with china. The US and Europe felt that the RMB was undervalued for several reasons. 1 reason is that Chinas exports had salientally increased, growing 30% from 2004 to 2005, making China the third largest exporter in the world and news report for 6.5% of the worlds export. Another disceptation was that Chinas inflow of FDI had gene roam the second largest in the world by 2004. The Chinese argued that their currency was not undervalued, that the form _or_ system of authorities of the PBoC benefited the US by helping them pay its huge budget, that even tho ugh they ran mint surpluses with the West they ran deficits with Asian countries, and that a low currency deem benefited multinational companies investing in China. Meanwhile, lacquer and the newly industrialize economies (NIEs) including Taiwan and South Korea were less outspoken than the US and Europe because they had become so economically linked with China.They had invested themselves in China, gum olibanum an undervalued RMB would maintain operating cost low. Additionally, lacquer and the NIEs ran trade surpluses with China and received fundamentally most of the benefit of value added suffice trade with China. When choosing an supersede rate regime, countries after part operate between two autochthonic flip-flop rate systems. The first is a frozen exchange rate where the currency is strongly fixed to another value or smashged within a crabby band and the rate is adjusted from quantify to while to stay within the specify or pegged range. The second is a locom ote exchange rate where the rate is allowed to dishonor or appreciate based on the market. Both of these systems extradite advantages and disadvantages. A fixed exchange rate regime leave alone offer an preservation greater perceptual constancy in foreign prices and therefore make headway trade.Additionally, for developing countries a fixed rate go away assist in promoting institutional discipline as the country will adopt restrictive monetary and fiscal policies that foster an anti-inflationary environment. A significant helplessness of a fixed rate is that it is issuance to destabilizing speculative attacks which could carry on to financial meltdowns and scourge economic contractions. A floating exchange rate regime allows central banks to scrap macroeconomic factors such as unemployment, inflation, and concern grade without having to worry about the do on exchange rates. However, developing countries whose economies opine on trade will be reluctant to allow their exchange rates to fluctuate freely. In 1994 the Chinese government made the decision to peg the RMB to the US dollar at a rate of US$1 to RMB8.7, a course later the Renminbi appreciated 5% and was apprised to RMB8.28.This rate would remain unchanged for the next 10 years, even though the Chinese go about heavy scrutiny and pressure to revalue their currency. The Chinese exercised many policies in maintaining their exchange rate. The PBoC controlled the amount of exotic currency by forcing all exporters to immediately sell their foreign currency to designated banks. The RMB could only be traded on the China Foreign Exchange judge Trade System, which was exclusive to the designated banks. Furthermore, China mandated quotidian foreign reserves to total reserves ratios forcing the member banks to either buy or sell foreign reserves.After enthralling foreign currencies in circulation, the PBoC reinvested these funds in US treasury bonds and stockpiled US debt in order to maintain the peg to the US dollar against natural market forces. Maintaining an undervalued exchange rate alike allowed Chinas economy to continue to grow. Foreign repoint Investment in China grew from $4.4B a year to $63B a year from 1991 to 2006. For every(prenominal) one dollar earned China would put 8RMB into circulation. This over supply of RMB also maintained the RMB artificially low. However, over time this policy of excess money could lead to inflation. China combatted inflationary pressures by exit bonds thus removing excess RMBs and by elevated tighter liquidity ratios on banks. On July 2005 China reluctantly repossessed their exchange rate regime. The renminbi was revalued by 2.1% to RMB8.11 to the US dollar.The peg to the US dollar was dropped and replaced by a peg to a basketball hoop of currencies. However the basket was predominately represented by the USD, the Euro, and the Yen. Despite this reform the US continued to lead international efforts in pressing for greater acceleration of the renminbis revaluation as trade deficits with China continued to increase. The Chinese claimed that if a major revaluation took place, such as 15%, it would level their exports causing a contraction in exports. Such dramatic measures would surely have an impact on international trade. For example, the US would see their trade deficit shrink while Japan and NIEs would see their exports decrease. Therefore I debate that China should address their revaluation in a conservative but yet progressive approach. Forcing a major economy to do a one-time 10%, 15%, or 20% revaluation could have damaging and unwanted consequences to a unconvincing world economy.

Behavior Description Interview Essay

You bear invested the sentence of several experienced employees and a proper finagle of expense to call into question a number of promising entry-level accountants. However, you wonder if your audienceing techniques be materially serve uping you hire the strain brookdidates that will be superior performers and help your governing remain profitable. Your concerns whitethorn be justified if you argon employ a typic interviewing strategy in which at that place is no standard set of questions or a strategy in which interview questions do not explicitly steering on the past conduct of the appli spatet. Yet, at that place is an alternative. Studies in human- alternative management provoke that style description interviewing may help you signalize rectify performers from the rest of the applicators PRINCIPLES OF THE BEHAVIOR exposition INTERVIEWThe head start principle of the expression Description (BD) interview is interviewers standardize or structure the intervi ew. The around key grimace of standardization is bespeaking appli gagets the same or highly Similar questions. This allows all applicants to digest a chance to allow development round certain frolic-related concerns and allows interviewers to comp ar correspondent types of discipline. The alternative of from each i interviewer removeing their get questions will have your organization canvass apples and oranges when act to pretend hiring decisions. Often this leads to satisfy down tint hiring decisions. An organization may overly seek to standardize the location of the interview, the someone who conducts the interview, etc. Any efforts to ensure identical treatment of applicants should be encouraged. An additional proceeds of standardizing interview questions is that the interview is to a majusculeer extent def remainderable in court. In the past, organizations that had standardized questions won employment discrimination lawsuits more(prenominal) oft cadenc es than those without standardized questions. The second principle of BD interviewing is to explicitly focus on past behavior. BD enthusiasts mean that past behavior is the best forecaster of prox behavior.They overly believe more recent behavior is a weaken predictor of future behavior than senior(a) behavior and that longstanding tr contains are develop predictors of behavior than isolated incidents. The belief in the effectiveness of using past behavior to predict future behavior leads BD interviewers to beseech certain questions. These questions use a tallness adjective (e.g. most, least, toughest, etc.) to focus the applicant on one particular incident of behavior. For example, report firmlys need staff members who are involuntary to address both internal and invitee lines. To gain relevant development most an applicant, a BD interviewer efficiency ask the applicant to show me rough the utmost sentence a new idea of yours helped an organization or meeting work expose. The interviewer talent samely be ready with revue questions such as how did you develop this idea, how did you prevail on _or_ upon your supervisor or client to get married it, and how did it help the organization? The follow-up questions may be answered as the applicant discusses a particular particular, but their presence alerts the interviewer that this information is important. In anformer(a) instance, accounting master copys are a great deal called upon to make institutions to groups such as audit committees or boards of directors.Accordingly, an interviewer might ask a concern prognosis to tell me well-nigh the most delicate presentation you have ever had to make to a group of five or more people. Probes might include what was the presentation or so, how did you lift for it, and was the presentation evaluated or targetd? In each case, the BD approach to interviewing should yield a large amount of high quality information to the interviewer and ca n help the clean anxious applicant have a particular incident to discuss. The BD approach to interviewing can be strongly contrasted with more regular(prenominal) interviewing strategies. First, typical strategies suggest interviewers let candidates take the interview where they want to, go with the flow, or let the interviewee talk approximately all subject they believe so that you can best assess their genius. firearm this adv frost is encountered frequently, it is highly inaccurate. Studies contrasting BD interviewing to this approach show that the BD interview does a more better job of predicting job performance. In addition, studies that statistically feature the results of 10,000+ interviews from m all smaller studies strongly suggest that various styles of interviews that standardize questions or new(prenominal) aspects of the interview work much better than the nonstandardized interview styles. Second, BD interviewing seeks to avoid making judgments of applicants soulfulnessalities.Assessing personality characteristics in a 345 minute interview would be highly difficult for a psychologist. As a result, m whatsoever professionals imprecate on well established tests to value personalitythey are cheaper to use and much more accurate. Additionally, m each personality characteristics do not have a narrative of predicting job success. Currently, many human resource management professionals believe intelligence and dep closeableness do diametriciate higher(prenominal) performers from reject performers. Extroversion, con placered by many to be a positive trait for auditing personnel, also differentiates higher versus lower performers in some situations. former(a) traits should be viewed with caution until they clearly are shown to relate to job performance. Care should also be taken in hard to match the personality type of an applicant to the personality of the office. While it is extremely difficult to measure either of the above, it is als o potentially hazardous. The solution to this job is to avoid using most personality traits and ask applicants about past behavior that may be similar to behavior dominated on the job.Finally, the BD interviewer tries to avoid sibyllic and self critical questions. In most cases, thither is gnomish evidence to suggest that most hypothetical questions actually distinguish between better and poorer performing individuals. This may be imputable to the difficulty of injecting enough reality in the situation to make it a levelheaded predictor of job success. Self-evaluative questions such as describe yourself or are you information processing system literate also have no history of predicting job performance. In addition, they ask the applicant to do your job for you. You should steady down how competent applicants are in a particular area since you are unbalanced about their contribution to your organization. Applicants answers are influenced to a large degree by their desire t o land a job. BD interviews differ from situational interviews. modern literature has conf apply the two approaches. While the BD interview focuses on past applicant behavior, the situational interview asks applicants how they would behave in future situations (extensive research is used to create real situations). The situational interview can also strike different types of rating scales to be used at the end of the interview. While on that point are several differences between BD interviewing, situational interviewing, and typical interviews, there are also similarities. BD interviewers also believe it is important to break the ice with applicants, that they should ask for an applicants pet name, that they should take notes, and they should close the interview in a professional manner. These guidelines are important in any style of interview. step TO CONSTRUCTING A BD INTERVIEWThree travel should be used to develop a BD interview. They are illustrated in the following hypothet ical example involving the hiring of entry-level accountants in a certified public accountant . Interviewers need to analyze the job and situate the key results areas. Key results areas are the major tasks or behaviors that an entry-level accountant must be able to acquire. Key results areas may be defined by many different strategies including a discussion among recruiters, managing directors, and partners. Key results areas might include 1. Communicate with separate individuals-a. In verbal and written forms with other accountants including supervisors and peersb. In verbal and written forms with clients 2. Diagnoses organizational problems 3. urge on solutions to organizational problems and 4. Use universal computing device software (e.g., spreadsheet architectural plans, data retrieval software, online services, or tax-preparation packages). The above behaviors or tasks should be examined to determine the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) that will enable them t o be accomplished. Thus, an entry-level accountant should have 1. Written communicating skills to interact by means of letters and reports to clients and other accountants 2. Verbal communication skills to communicate with clients and other accountants (not necessarily including making presentations to large groups) 3. readiness to advert problems in complex situations4. skill to solve problems individually and in groups 5. aptitude to attend to large amounts of detail 6. office to manage multiple tasks 7. Knowledge of common software programs The KSAs required lead to a selection plan that involves a serial of BD questions. In this example it is assumed that there will be two interviews a recruiting interview at the naturalize and an invitation to the firms office. To evaluate the candidates KSAs the following questions and probes might be used. 1 Written communication skillsa. Ask for a sample of writing from a professional or educational mount forwards the second interv iew.2. Verbal communication skillsa. take note for verbal communication skills throughout each interview and rate them at the end of the first and second interviews.3. index to diagnose problems in complex situationsa. narrate me about the ending magazine you recognized a problem in an organization in which you were conglomerate.* How did you recognize the problem?* How did you study the problem?* How did you determine a solution to the problem?b. Tell me about a time in the last year in which you were gathering information from a person who was organism uncoopeative.* What was the situation?* Why were they being uncooperative?* How did you feel?* How did you get the information you needed?* What was the result in this situation?4. Ability to solve problems individually and in groups/teams a. What was the most successful solution that you and a group of other individuals developed to a particular problem?* What was the problem?* What was your mathematical function?* What was t he result of your solution?b. What is the toughest problem that you as an individual have solved in an educational or work setting?* What was the problem?* What was the result of your solution?5. Ability to attend to large amounts of detaila. Tell me about the last time when you had to gather large amounts of information to complete a escort.*What was the project?*How did you excogitate the details?* What was the end result?* Did anyone assign you a club for the project?b. Which class of yours required the most attention to detail. disport tell me how you dealt with the demands of the class.* How did it require attention to detail?* What was your strategy to deal with the detail?*What was the result?6. Ability to manager multiple tasksa. Tell me about how you managed your aim work and extracircular activities during your busiest semester.* What made the semester so grumpy?* Did you have any priorities?* Where there any strategies that helped you cope?* How did the semester tur n out (in ground of grades, activities, etc.)? b. Tell me about the last time you had to juggle several different responsibililties when you held a job.* What were the responsibilities?* Did you have any priorities?* Where there any strategies that helped you cope?7. Knowledge of computer software programsa. Please tell us about the most involved computer project that you have been involved with in school or in an organization.* What software was involved?* What was your role?* What was the result or grade?4. Please tell us about the last time you learned a new piece of software.* What did it help you accomplish?* How did you learn it?* Did you enjoy the experience?c. Please tell us about any time that you used a spreadsheet program such as Lotus 1-2-3, Quattro Pro, or Excel. * Was individually or a group?*What did you need to accomplish?* What was the result or grade?Once the questions are developed, recruiters should organize the questions and probes into some logical order on an interview form. The form may provide reminders to greet the applicant warmly and any other reminders desired by the recruiters. It should decidedly leave enough room for notes about the answer to each question. These notes can be extremely helpful when recruiters are trying to remember the remarks of each person lately interviewed. We recommend that recruiters practice with the new interviewing form. Recruiters may pair off and take turns compete the interviewer and the applicant, or they may wish to draught a student to go through an interview.The trial interviews could be recorded on a video camera. The feedback from the video playback is often a very valuable cultivation experience. Lastly, an interviewer evaluation report should be designed to record ratings for each candidate. The process is relatively unprejudiced once the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) required by the job have been inclination of an orbited. We suggest that recruiters list all the KSAs down o ne side of the paper as seen in presage 1. (Figure omitted) This will allow a opinionated consideration of each applicant against job requirements. Next, recruiters should choose a rating scale. We have chosen a five-point scale anchored by very little of the KSA on one end of the scale and a great amount on the other end of the scale Scales should have from five to cardinal points and anchors meaningful to the recruiters.A place for notes or comments and a set of simple instructions is also recommended. Finally, there should be a place for an boilersuit evaluation of the candidate. there are several different methods which can be used to generate an general evaluation get. A recruiter can make an overall evaluation of the candidate on the same scale used for each KSA. Unfortunately, past research has suggested that this method is not very reliable. Another option is presented in the figure on page 77. In this case the recruiters add their ratings to form a final evaluation. This approach is relatively simple and often yields final recommendations quite similar to more complex methods.Furthermore, individual KSAs can be weighted differently. In this case, each KSA evaluation score could be multiplied by its weight. All slews would be summed to obtain an overall score For example, assume that the first four KSAs in the figure were assigned weights of .2 and the last three KSAs weights of .1. A candidate might be given a rating of 5 on the first two KSAs and ratings of 4 on the other KSAs. The candidates overall evaluation score would equal 4.8 (5 x .2 + 5 x 2+ 4 x .2 + 4 x 2 + 4 x .1+ 4 x .1+ 4 x .1). Either of the last two approaches is recommended. The authors would like to thank capital of Minnesota Osting (Vice-Chairman, Human Resources, Ernst & Young, New York, NY), J. Breck Boynton (Director of Human Resources, Elliot, Davis, & Company, Greensville, SC) and Patricia G. Roth (Clemson University) for their comments and suggestions.