Every Reality Is a Fiction, the Player Essay

Our world consists of many realties. Two being commercialised, and the other(a), artistic. A commercial public is one limiting risk, and predictability, always aiming to shell those who yearn for it. aesthetic reality however, decomposes rules, and has social merit. This means there ar many attainable outcomes. One could be saddened or depressed by the reality, and others, joyful. It is because of this uncertainty in artistic realities that the film industry, as well as many other industries, have taken it upon themselves to glorify the truth. It is because of their coexistence that causes them to clash.The statement that every(prenominal) reality is faux, is alternatively bold however. Although in numbers, there ar a few throng who hold very strong moral and have a palpate of quality in what they do. The Hollywood film industry is primary(prenominal)ly commercial. religious offering little or no interest in writers work that consists depth. This reality consumes tho se considered naive to the industry. Commercial realities are realities that are created by plurality who compliments to escape their own and subconsciously create a reality that is deemed insufferable to the real world.Commercial realities are attractive to most, because you clear experience something otherwise unimaginable. This is cognise as a reality lacking artistic merit. It is us, the audience of massive Hollywood productions, that show true appreciation of films made by producers who show no other interest than creating fictional nonsense and profiting from it. Hollywood creates commercially successful films without artistic merit, and those that have this merit are touchy to come by.Movies such as Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf by Ernest Lehmen, and Boys fagt Cry by Kimberly Peirce pose a social function, and break the rules of The Film assiduity. The film making industry is created by artificial characters sustenance paranormal lives that we aspire to have. Howev er, who can jump from a 4 invention building and land on the ground with no injury? Who can be stabbed and instantly heeled by only a bandage and play along battling the world with heroic attributes and a vision to sustain humanity as we know it?Commercial realities are fictitious, stick to a strict gainula, and sidetrack us dreaming of a better life. The American Film Industry however, would argue that without these commercially rich movies, there will be no economic growth without the return or investment they provide. A differentiate reality to those of commercial is that of artistic. This reality has deeper meaning to it, and entertain. fastidious reality whitethorn be generally defined as the adjudicate to represent payoff matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic challenging elements. delicious reality is better known as realism. Realism revolted against the exotic subject matter and exaggerated emotionality and drama of the Romantic Movement. Instead it sought to portray real and normal contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and non avoiding unpleasant or cheating(a) aspects of life. Sourced from Wikipedias Realism (art). nice realities reveal the truth, which means they may emphasise the ugly or despicable. Artists use their work as a form of expressionism, which is open to interpretation.Their oeuvre breaks the rules, as they see the ordinary, and can create impudently pieces that challenge the mind and provide social merit. Many people attempt to depict things accurately, from either a visual, social or emotional perspective. area Realism shares many stylistic choices with naturalism, including a focus on every day (middle-class) drama, colloquial speech, and mundane settings. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favour of a close observation of outward appearances. Often artistic realities can be labelled as fictitious.This is due to the majority of lodge being so involved in cons umerism, that they can no prolonged differentiate from commercial being formulated, and artistic as challenging. Commercial realities set up the breeding of money. Commercial values manipulate the very anatomy of a natural, mundane reality. Commercially precious films of reality have become the reed organ grinders monkeys of money. They are made to increase the generative value and staying in power of money, the power of money to breed money, to fertilize itself.They are not made to empower people and provide certain value. Artistic reality however, leaves no stone unturned. Realism sees little value in money, and it sees no reciprocal material possession that could be exchanged for money. Artistic realities merely capture that which is tangible and accurate. Society may attempt to retain themselves by escaping this as it may be deeply depressing. It is the confusion of distinguishing surrounded by commercial and artistic realities that ultimately reduces both to nothing but f ictitious mumbo jumbo that controls our lives.The difference between the two is huge, however difficult for commoners, or those not involved in the film industry, to interpret. Whether an individual comprises their lives of commercial or realistic values, these values can be labelled as fictional or factual. The film industrys repackaging and misrepresentation of the truth to suit themselves, is entirely profitable. This profitability is their ultimate ruling guideline. If a film does not provide profits, the film was a total failure, regardless of its social merit.Artistic realities are open to interpretation and provide a bit of immunity for people to choose the outcomes of scenarios. Painters, writers, film makers and news reporters are some of the main people involved in the way reality is interpreted because they are their own masters, and creators. Every one watches them, reads their papers or interperates their work. It is important for people to recognise that regardless o f the message that is trying to be brought across, that reality is subjective, and hence, it may appear fictitious to anyone apart from their maker. Commercial or artistic.

Quasi Contract Essay

A legal placement bring to passd by the courts between twain parties who did not have a previous obligation to each separate. A normal bring requires cardinal parties to consent to mutually agreeable terms. chthonian(a) a similar contract, neither party is originally intended to create an promise. Instead, an arrangement is imposed by a judge to rectify an point of unjust enrichment. Investopedia explains Quasi ContractWhen champion party knowingly receives something for nothing, the courts may impose a similar contract. For example, if UPS delivers a new television to Zoe that she did not order and she keeps the television and does not attempt to return it to the company that erroneously shipped it to her, a judge could impose a quasi-contract to force her to pay for the television. Zoe did not intend to purchase the TV, and the TV company did not intend to lead astray her a TV, solo if since she chose to benefit from the TV at the companys expense, the court requi res her to reimburse the TV company to make the situation fair. articulate more http//www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quasi-contract.aspixzz2Gnf6KBD4What does Quasi Mean? antecedent http//answers.ask.com/Reference/Dictionaries/what_does The vocalise quasi means almost, sort of, near, not exact, or imperfect. It is when something is close to the original, or has traits of the original, but is not 100% perfect in comparison. A fewer examples are knock off purses and counterfeit money. For m more(prenominal) What is a quasi contract?Source http//www.ehow.com/facts_5139973_quasi-contract.html?r A quasi-contract contract exists when one party has conferred a benefit on another the party who conferred had sensitive expectation of getting paid the party did not act as a volunteer in conferring the benefit and the party receiving More What does quasi contract mean?Source http//www.audioenglish.net/dictionary/quasi_contract.h 1. a contract created by law for reasons of justice without any expression of assent More What does quasi mutual assent mean in relation to thecontract?Source http//wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_quasi_mutual_assent When one being induced into contract without exerciseal acceptance but only show with signs and actions that she or he accepts the callers contract. MoreWhat is genuine consent?It is consent given freely, voluntarily and intelligently. The definition presupposes that (a) the somebody giving the consent is qualified to do so. A minor under 18 for example mintnot give his consent to a contract unless aided by a legal guardian. (b) the consent-giver is not under duress, fraud, intimidation, undue influence, mistake, force, military group or threat. For example, a psyche who married under pain of dying can later impugn the marriage for lack of consent (c) that the consent-giver is of beneficial mind. A crazy person or one heavily intoxicated cannot give consent unless it is given during a so-called lucid interval. entirely cont racts are agreement but all agreement are not contracts Answer A contract is a legally book binding agreement or relationship that exists between two or more parties to do or abstain from performing certain acts. A contract can also be defined as a legally binding ex alter of promises between two or more parties that the law impart enforce. For a contract to be formed an offer made essentialiness backed acceptance of which in that location must be consideration. Both parties tough must intend to create legal relation on a lawful matter which must be entered into freely and should be feasible to perform. An agreement is a form of cross reference between distinguishable parties, which may be written, oral and lies upon the honor of the parties for its fulfillment rather than being in any way enforceable. totally contracts are agreement because there must be mutual understanding between two parties for a contract to be formed. All parties should agree and adhere to the terms a nd conditions of an offer. The chase representatives illustrate ways in which all contracts are agreements In the case of invitation to treat, where an invitation to treat is merely an invitation to make an offer. When a firms offer is accepted it results into a contract provided other elements of contracts are accepted. Considering person A buying a radio on hire purchase from person B who deals with electronics and its appliances.Both parties must come to an agreement on requital of monthly installment within specified period of time. Such an agreement result to specialty contract which a contract under seal. All contracts are agreement until avoided for example, avoidable contract where one of the parties can recall from it if s/he wishes. This take places due to minor agreement and misrepresentation or undue influence. Considering a case where person A make contract with person B but during the contract period B realizes that he was engaged to perform an agreement under und ue influence.Mathematical induction of the Rybczynski TheoremMathematical Derivation(Source Steve Suranovic 2005)The Rybczynski theorem demonstrates the effects of changes in the resource givings on the quantities of outputs of the two dangerouss in the context of the H-O model. One can apply the theorem anytime some change in the model causes a change in one of the gifts. This could occur as a country invests and thus raises its capital stock, if immigration or emigration occurs or as population increase or growth of the workforce occurs for other reasons. We use the two resource constraint conditions which must be satisfied in an equilibrium. (5c) (5d) The asterisks indicate that these whole-factor requirements are the optimal levels derived from the hail minimization exercise and are functions of the wage, w, and the rental rate on capital, r. We impart assume that wages and rents remain dictated which implies that output prices remain fixed as well. Differentiating (5a) and (5d) with respect to L yields,(8a) (8b) Writing these in matrix form yields,This expression can now be solved using Cramers Rule to get, (9a) (9b) Whether these partial derivatives are positive or negative depends on thesigns of the denominator. Assume the denominator of each expression is less than zero. This means that the denominator is negative if and only if production of cracking one is capital-intensive and production of good two is labor-intensive. So, permits suppose that good one is capital-intensive (good two is labor-intensive). Then, since each unit factor requirement is positive.This implies, that if good one is capital-intensive (good two labor-intensive) and if the labor endowment rises, then the output of good one would fall and the output of good two would rise if output prices of both goods remained the same. If we conducted the same exercise for changes in the capital endowment, and we continue to assume that good one is capital-intensive and good two labor -intensive, then we would show that,if we assumed the converse, i.e., if good one were labor intensive and good two capital intensive, then the signs of all of the above derivatives would be reversed. These results lead to the following general statement of the Rybczynski theorem. If a factor endowment in a country rises (falls), and if prices of the outputs remain the same, then the output of the good that uses that factor intensively will rise (fall) while the output of the other good will fall (rise).

Proctor and Gamble Success, Failures, Key Players and Projected Outcomes Essay

Answer 1 equit qualified like any separate ordinary multinational lodge in the market, watch over & gamble has been able to use change as star of their tools in rewrite to achieve market competitiveness. By well-educated the tastes and preferences of their buttocks market, Proctor & Gamble has been utilizing every single opportunity available to rectify their market sales and profitability. At the end of the day, the entire community leave alone benefit from the innovative actions of the management of Proctor & Gamble. Through the aid of sophisticated technology available in the labor limn, Proctor & Gamble was able to produce Tide, Crest, Pampers etc in a more(prenominal) efficient manner (B wearer, 2001).The avidness of the members of the top management to pursue innovative processes in the operational line of the telephoner will be later on frame break of the core traits of the entire organization, thus, boosting employees morale, efficiency and productivity. Wi th this achievement of Proctor & Gamble in penetrating their target market through the aid of innovation, there would be no doubt that this company will eventually enjoy astonishing growth for the next coming blocks. In order to prepare the company from the said growth, Proctor & Gamble increased the volume of their fiscal reckon and sales making the shares to the company to rise (Businessweek.com, 2001).This increase in the shares of stocks of Proctor & Gamble means that investors wanted to invest or invest more on the stocks of the latter. On the other hand, one failure that could be considered on the part of the management of the said company would be the resignation of their CEO, Durk Jager, in 2000 as well as the failing profitability of the company during the ordinal quarter of the same year (Businessweek.com, 2000).Durk Jager made a lot of contributions in P&G for he is the one who made initial travel in innovating the products and production line of the company as well as credited for his successful marketing strategies that made P&G become one of the leading multinational companies in the country. Profitability on the quaternary quarter during that time was the consequence of the tight market competition that exists in the industry.Answer 2 One of the factors that made a major bear on on the companys success and failures would be their leaders or the top level management. These members of the top management team of P&G serves to be the asset of the entire organization for the former exhibit expansive skills and talents in handling the operation of the company as well as in predicting the behavior of their target market to gain comparative good over their competitors.With these superb managerial skills of the top managers of P&G, the said company was able to overcome their obstacles such as the declining profitability during the late period of 2000. Furthermore, another factor that can be raised here is the unhomogeneous economic factors suc h as competition, stability of the finance sector of the company and the economic stability of the country in terms of trading with other countries since it ingrains the international operation of P&G.Like for instance, the rapid fluctuation of flip rates in the financial market could threaten the return on investment of the foreign investors in the country causing major seduce back in the condition of the stocks of multinational firms such as P&G. It is also included here in the list of economic factors that affects the success and failure of the P&G would be the labor market. Proctor & Gamble employs around 130,000 workers in United States alone and any distortion in the labor market, like increase in the wage rate of the workers, could affect the performance of the company in terms of financial stability and production continuity.Answer 3 After the resignation of Jager in 2000, another share was born in order to assume the position of CEO in Proctor & Gamble and he is none ot her than A.G. Lafley. Lafley used to run a U.S. Navy retail store before he false the position of CEO in P&G (Martin, 2008). In order to boost the profitability of P&G which was negatively affected by tight market competition, Lafley decided to know more regarding the behavior of the consumers to call up their current needs and preferences which Jager seems to overlook when he was in the position of the CEO. From knowing more on the consumption behavior of their target market sum the innovation of their products, Lafley was able to regain the lost profits of the company as well as the sales and market shares in the industry.In short, the problem regarding the lowering mint of P&Gs profit boils down to the saturation of consumers on the old reliable products of the company. What the consumers want to see, as Lafley discovered, is the innovation on the product line of the company, what is new and what the improvements are. Lafley was able to answer these questions and process th e necessary actions to remedy the failing market status of P&G. authentic enough, P&G now ranked on the 10th set of the worlds top multinational companies in terms of profitability and this is a grammatical construction of the good leadership and at the same time critical view of Lafley regarding the finding of ways to suffice the needs and preferences of their target consumers.ReferencesBruner, G. F. (2001). The Tao of Innovation. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http//proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=66774845&sid=1&Fmt=4&clientid=11123&RQT=309&VName=PQDBusinessweek.com (2001). Lehman Upgrades Proctor & Gamble. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/dec2001/pi20011212_0523.htm?chan=searchBusinessweek.com (2000). Why the Tide Turned Against P&G. Retrieved January 29, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/investor/content/eemi/emi0609b.html?chan=searchMartin, R. L. (2008). P&G Using the Past to counterfeit the Future. Retrieved January 30, 2008, from http//www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jan2008/id20080122_229434.htm?chan=search

Family Management Essay

1. What information in the documentary more or less surprised you?The thing that most surprised me was the amount of reliance loosens that a ho maphold. I am currently idiomed appear by having mavin reference book card, I could non even imagine multiplying that stress by 8. I understand that adults with families need credence cards to military service buy necessities for their families, still I think that if you ar going to adjourn on the responsibilities of owning a point of reference card, you should nock sure you atomic number 18 subject to pass more then just the minimum amount. That is another thing that surprised me, the fact that 35 million pile only fee the minimum amount due is re eithery shocking because citizenry should be well certain by now how much money they argon rattling loosing by doing that.2. Do you think the government should hire a role in regulating both who can get assent cards and what interest and fees consumers should pay? If so, who should be the regulators? Who would benefit from such formula? Who would lose? Explain.I dont think the government should have a role in regulating who can get a credit card or the interest rate or fees. When deal sign up for a credit card, they atomic number 18 well aw are of the responsibility that they are taking on. Everyone knows their limit and how much interest they are charged, so if you cant afford to pay something off on while you should not buy it. I dont think masses should blame the jargons if they are being charged interest on their purchases it is their responsibility to be able to keep track of their income and their spending. Even though the bank is fashioning money off of volume who do not pay their pinnacles on sequence, they are the ones lending money to people and they need to make some profit to, wish well every other business out there.3. How, according to the four normal consumers in the documentary, does owning a credit card or credit cards a ffect purchasing decisions?Owning a credit card or multiple credit cards give the delusion of having more money then you actually do. The credit card makes people think that nonrecreational it later isnt a big deal, when actually it buries people in huge sums of debt. Buying something for $500 and only making minimum payments for it can actually end up being reprize the price (depending on your interest rate). I was brought up thinking that credit cards are for emergencies and emergencies only, but now that I have one I find myself tempted to by things that are not even fuddled to a necessity, and because of this piece of plastic, I excessively find that I prevail on _or_ upon myself not to worry and that I will pay it off later. It affects the purchasing decision by giving the illusion of money that most people dont have, people have a hard time distinguishing the difference of their losss and their needs. Since there is an option to do a minimum payment, the legal age of people are taking that route.4. Who loses and gains the most from credit card companies policies?The people who gain from credit card companies are the dead shell, also known as the people who pay off their entire credit card bill at the end of the month. The reason that they are the gainers is because they are the ones who never have to pay interest, therefore the credit card companies are not making any money off of them and are fundamentally just lending money to these people. The people that pay of their entire bill at the end of the month not only dont have to pay interest, but they also gain benefits and good credit rates, depending on what that bank offers. The people that lose from credit cards are the people that only make the minimum payments. The downfall with only paying the minimum payments is that they are gaining interest of the balance spent, so they are unceasingly loosing money. They may think that they are saving money because they are not spending a lot on paym ents, but in the colossal run they are paying double the amount.5. Has the documentary influenced how you might use credit cards in the future? Explain (Frontline, 2008).Definitely, Ive endlessly thought I had a good concept on the whole credit card situation, but looking at the video has do me realize how much money I am actually loosing. Ive always paid more then the minimum payment but still, I would much rather be one of the dead beats. creation in school makes that next to impossible though since I cannot work as much as Id like to. This video makes me more conscious of the purchases that I make and it also makes me want to pay off my credit card off immediately Being a student has put me into a lot of debt, I expect that once I have a career in buttocks I will be able to pay off all of my debts.

Kung life Essay

1. How does lee assess the day-to-day linea workforcet of Kung life when they lived as foragers? How does this view comp ar with that held by many anthropologists in the early 1960s?Lee set roughlys to assess the day-to-day quality of the Kung by keeping records of their food sources and water sources. He makes table depicting the Kungs movements during dry season to wells of fresh water. He documents how many variant groups stay at which well. He tables all the available species of crops and food and comes to the coda that out of 75 percent of the listed species of food the Kung are only apply a selected few. One of the most utilized food is Mongongo nut that pull up stakes grow in harsh weather conditions. A kang was documented precept why should we plant, when there are so many mongongo nuts in the humans. These charts indicate that the Kung are non living(a) from hand to calendar month on the verge to starvation as previously believed. If the Bushmen were living on a starvation level then Lee theorizes that one would stock them to exploit every available source of nutrition.2. According to Lee, Kung children are non expected to work until after they are married old tidy sum are supported and respected. How does this arrangement differ from behavior in our sustain society, and what might explain the deviance?In our witness society children foolt work until they are 14 or 15, some begin working at a younger age. A few 10 or 11 year olds with entrepreneurial spirits testament go to houses offering services to cut lawns for $10 or what accommodate you. It biggest difference between is that young men or boys in the kung do not work until they are married. The possibility for that could bethe boy now has his own family now and must contribute to the hunt in order to digest for his own faction of the family. Elders in my society and in American grow I believe are no respected, theyre forced into nursing homes or become the burden of one unl ucky sibling. The kang respect and prise their elders possibly cause they honor acquaintance and elders living the longest have the most to offer.3. What was a key to successful subsistence for the Kung and early(a) hunter-gatherers, according to Lee?Lee stated one of the dominant themes contributing to successful subsistence of the kung and other hunter gathers is the extreme importance of the environment in molding their cultures. These cultures are exemplified by cases in which their technology was simple yet utilized in such harsh and extreme environments. Lee urges the shift of thinking of pursuit and gathering cultures as a persistent and well-adapted way of life.4. In what ways has life changed for the Kung since 1964? What has caused these changes?Chapter 101. What about the Koyukon and Inupiaq cultural knowledge of their environment resembles the controlled studies peculiarity of the scientific method? Are there differences?Unilineal evolutionists label hunters and ga thers as unrefined or cultures that are less developed in terms of critical thinking. Lewis Henry Morgan would classify them savages, but the Eskimo cultures could debunk that theory. in that respect is a lengthy cognitive process within the Eskimo ways of life. These hunters comply their natural environment in detail and get old(prenominal)ized with it desire scientists. They observe the wolfs they work with or hunt and develop theories about fauna behavior and strategies to hunt their prey. Not only do they understand living organism behavior from their studies but they also a wide array of knowledge about their land. Thesetraditional hunters are indeed refined they know how critically think and used their cultural knowledge of animal behaviors and their land to run in one of the most cold and barren parts of the world2. What do the Koyukon Indians have to know to successfully hunt a can in the early winter?The Koyukon Indians must know how to find the surrenders den. Th e den entrances are hidden beneath 18 inches of close-grained snow and are given away to subtle clues that the koyukon are familiar with. One of the clues are patches where no grass protrudes because the bear as taloned it away for insulation and faint cavities in the ground hinting of the footprint depressions in the moss below . After capturing the bear they must kill it in concord to Koyukon customs and tradition. These rules and customs are set in place for the conception of not disrupting the bears spirit and to show respect for the animal and the environment.3. How can Eskimos predict explosive sea squalls?The Eskimos predict the sudden sea squalls but studying the habits of sealing waxs. The elder Eskimo was explaining seal patterns for when a seal comes up for winde under the water. If the seal comes out of the water to breath with its back arched up right to sky and its passing fully out of the water exposed then the weather will be a normal. But if the seal surfaces faced down with middle(prenominal) submerged under water still then this was a lagger for ominous weather to come that day.4. By what processes do Inupiaq and Koyukon learn about Nature and the behavior of animals?The processes of cultural knowledge that is learned by the Inupiaq and Koyuken are, in my opinion, a prolonged participant observation. These people spend generations watching and living with the animals of their environments. Theyve learned hunting skills from polar bears, such as acting exchangeable a seal to sneak up on a seal. umteen of their traditions andknowledge of the environment is passed though the generations through form of participant observation. The men take the boys to hunt and they large amounts of time watching their life brace watching these animals and living amongst them.

Communications & Crisis Essay

The Texas Division of Emergency worry (TDEM) has begun to drive official reports stating that the humans water supplies of several towns in the South east Texas (SET) area acquire become contaminated with life-threatening biological agents. As director of this office, it is my debt instrument to address contingency plans within the government and the existence without creating panic. Areas of focus pull up stakes include external and internal communion impart, dialogue advantages and ch every last(predicate)enges, communication strategies, applicable technology, technology utilization, and media opportunities. Successful management of the situation requires the constitution of squads and communication channels. Organization police squad ups include a state relations team, territorial dominion relations, media relations, and a crisis communications team (CCT).State, district, and media relations will communicate with CCT playing as coordinator. As the director of TDEM , I will be in charge of the CCT and oversee all organization operations. The state relations team till will be in charge of communications with the Texas incision of Health, the Texas Department of Public Safety, the Texas Emergency Management Council (TEMC), and other government officials. harmonise to Texas law, mayors and county judges serve as indispensability management directors, bearing the office for maintaining an emergency management program within their respective jurisdictions (TDEM, 2014).This will dish up with local emergency coordinations. The district relations team will secure with local authorities to organize emergency response operations. The media relations team will communicate with local and online media sources and keep them in physiqueed of the issue.Our organizations communication channels puke instantly connect with multiple organizations at at a time. This gives our organization a major advantage. We have the ability to spread and collect inform ation speedily and on a grand scale. Information needs to be disseminated as fast and efficiently aspossible. The challenges associated with communications is the coordination of all efforts. According to genus Athene du Pre, lack of communication fundament lead to duplicated efforts, costly (and mosttimes life-threatening) delays, frustration, and squandered time (Du Pre, A., 2003). During crisis events delays and wasted time potbelly cost lives. This means that our team essential keep in constant communication with other organizations to hold overlapping efforts. Crisis communication is an ongoing act.Having a crisis communication plan is classic so that more than than time can be spent acting and less time be spent making decisions. Examining the communication process of other crisis events can be a useful government agency to line successful strategies. In 1979, the Three Mile Island reactor malfuncti cardinald. The major form of communication used to report the eve nt at the time were televisions and intercommunicates. approach to information was limited and local television and intercommunicate station drill hole the bulk of human race inquiries. Organization communications had to be accomplished via teleph whizs or face-to-face. Public communications were also limited to telephones and face-to-face. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina ravaged the city of New Orleans and left a large portion of it underwater. The major forms of communication during this event included television, wireless, and the network. With this event the internet provided quick club and communication with multiple entities. Information could also be transferred on speedy and larger scale.However, with this particular event a large portion of the popular had to go without electricity for an extended period of time. Without electricity television, radios, and the internet cannot be operated. Smartphones existed at the time, but were not as abundant. Those with smartphone s and cell phones had a undersized window for communications after the loss of electricity. Unfortunately, these devices require recharging and are futile after so umteen other(prenominal) hours. Examination of these scenarios provide proof of the grandeur of information entree during times of crisis. In 1979, their limited resources increased the levels of man concern. In 2005, their lack of resources reduced the number of communication channels. Many throng were left clueless and helpless. I believe that a close way of utilizing this knowledge is to prepare for similar situations. Publishing emergency information to the public on a wide variety of channels means more access to information, less confusion, and better coordination of efforts.Fortunate for us, the currentscenario is not a threat to public electrical systems. However, we should be prepared for interruptions or breakdowns amongst communication channels. Each team should have contingencies in place, in case on e or more resources is lost. These contingencies should include backup agencies, officials, and media sources. Teams should also have contingencies in place incase internal communications are interrupted or broken-down. Organization teams should allocate responsibilities between diverse members. If something happens to a team member, their responsibilities should both be divide up amongst all other team members or given to a single member. This largely depends on the size of responsibility and number of available team members. If an entire team becomes unavailable, then that teams responsibilities will be divided by the CCT and distributed amongst the remaining teams.Public contingency plans mustiness also be addressed. In this scenario there are effectively 2 distinct immediate dangers. Lack of public knowledge leading to exposure, and difficulties decontaminating the public water supplies. In regards to public knowledge, its important that information be disseminated not only finished technological communication channels, but through ground communication channels as well. Public and municipal attend employees of all types should be called upon to spread the word throughout the public. The more entities that can be informed via employer to employee, the better. In regards to decontamination, the public should be fully certain that government agencies are working around the clock to solve the issue. government entities should also offer access to alternative water supplies. During times of hurricanes, many agencies and charitable services hand out bottled water from multiple locations in their respective cities.This strategy should be utilized with the current scenario. If necessary, these services should be offered for as long as they are needed. As indicated in the previous scenarios, technology and the spread of the information go hand in hand. With the rise to power of the internet and digital communications, the communication process has become m uch more versatile. genial media often provides as a communications network for the public. Social media users can connect with other users and members of the public to share information and orchestrate efforts. In todays world many people have smartphones that are capable of internet access. These devices provide people with the ability toaccess information no matter where they are. The downside to this technology is the requirement of data access. time of crisis can overwhelm internet infrastructure, making communications slow or impossible. Short messaging services (SMS)s are a good way of combating this effect. The benefit of SMSs is that they operates on the mobile carrier maneuver rather than the connection used for mobile voice and data, allowing messages to be delivered and true on mobile devices even when the networks are too congested to shake voice calls (Anonymous, 2014).Emergency alerts are also able to be broadcasted this way. Those with smartphones can be sent i nstant notifications keeping them updated with current information. These systems can be used to inform a large number of people all at the same time. Compared to previous crisis scenarios, its possible that some technologies could be used differently. With the expansion of available communication channels, reliance on some technologies may not be as abundant as it once was. Television and radios no longer bare the sole burden of emergency broadcast communications. This can free up the efforts of local news and radio stations. Fewer public inquires to contend with, increases the overall resources of the stations. People will tranquilize call the stations for information, but the number will be importantly lower than it was in previous scenarios. In some cases television and radio may not even be utilized. Advancement in technologies has allowed the understructure computer to become the central hub for information in some homes, and amongst many college students. Computers can be u sed for watching television and listening to radio programming. This technology increases the need for broadcasting emergency information over internet channels.Media opportunities of this management crisis include verbosity broadcast. According to a study from the University of Texas, redundancy is often necessary to overcome the noise in peoples lives because it reveals that peoples unavoidableness perception increased after receiving 3 messages (Stephens, K., Barrett, A., & Mahometa, M., 2013). Having the media broadcast continual information will help increase the urgency perception of the public. The more people that are made aware, the less potential there is for casualties. Social media could also be used as a way to broadcast emergency information to different groups. Sites like Facebook and Twitter, can be used to spread information. Users connected or subscribed todifferent groups receive notifications from those groups.This allows for information to be spread quickly across a major network. Often groups will be connected to other groups. When one group learns of the emergency they can then share the information with another group, and so on. Crisis management is an urgent matter that must be handled fleetly and efficiently. Planning and communications are vital for coordinating efforts. To protect the public, organization and communication strategies and contingencies must be in place. intercourse channels must be established and their advantages and challenges should be known. Applicable technologies and their utilizations should be identified. Media opportunities should also be known so that appropriate communication channels can be utilized as a means of keeping the public informed.ReferencesAnonymous. (2014). Dynmark global SMS is most effective communication channel during emergency. (2010). Wireless News, Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/750383013?accountid=458 Du Pre, A. (2003). Communicating near Health (2nd ed.). Bos ton, MA McGraw Hill HIPAA compliance. Corrections Forum, 12(1), 15-16. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/214412170?accountid=458 Seeger, M. W. (2006). Best Practices in Crisis Communication An Expert Panel Process. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 34(3), 232-244. doi10.1080/00909880600769944 Stephens, K., Barrett, A., & Mahometa, M. (2013). organisational Communication in Emergencies Using Multiple Channels and Sources to Combat racket and Capture Attention. Human Communication Research, 39(2), 230-251. doi10.1111/hcre.12002 Texas Department of Emergency Management (TDEM). (2014). Retrieved from http//www.txdps.state.tx.us/dem/ he Fiscal Year of 214.

4.2. Describe the Importance of Reassuring Children

4. 2. Describe the importance of quiet children, young people and adults of the confidentiality of shared learning and the limits of this. Confidentiality is the preservation of privileged cultivation, concerning children and their families, which is disclose in the professional relationship. It is a complicated issue which is based upon the teaching of trust. Confidentiality is very chief(prenominal) when working in a closely with parents. slightly information needs to be shared but only with your superior, i. e. sharpen teacher, as it will be a matter of total confidence. If you funny a child-protection issue, this should be shared only with your superior and again in strictest confidence, and the parents will need to be aware of this. It will be important from the very beginning of your relationship with parents, there is an understanding and they can single out you something in confidence, you may have to share the information with your superior. It is important neer to gossip about parents or their children. -It is important never to discuss iodin parent with another. -It is important not to make judgements about children or their parents. -Some information needs to be shared with the all the staff, in particular diet, allergy, spectral rituals, if the child is being collected by someone other than their principal(prenominal) carer, general records on pupils individual teachers records of assessment, SEN information on pupils.Under the info Protection Act 1998, information about pupils needs to be kept in a secure place. Never take any information off site and do not provide opportunities for others to gain glide path to it. When sharing information with colleagues only discuss points they need to know. If you notice any breaches of confidentiality always report the matter to an appropriate member of staff.

Poverty Is World’s Biggest Problem

Poverty is the most serious problem facing the world, match to a major worldwide poll out Sunday which purge the issue well ahead of climate change, terrorism and war. Overall, 71 per penny of people named extreme poverty as the biggest global issue, compared to 64pc who cited the environment or pollution and 63pc the rising cost of food and energy.Terrorism, human rights and the spread of unsoundness were singled out by 59pc, climate change and the state of the world sparing by 58pc and war by 57pc. Even if the global recession has kept economic problems top of peoples minds this year, extreme poverty is clearly viewed as the worlds most serious global problem, verbalise Sam Mountford, research director for GlobeScan, which conducted the poll for the BBC World Service. But with galore(postnominal) other global problems seen as very serious, this represents a daunting agenda for institutions like the UN and G20 to address. Results varied between nations.People in India and P akistan rated terrorism as their top concern and it was also in the top three in Britain, Indonesia and Spain, which have suffered major attacks in recent years. Japan was the only solid ground to view climate change as the most serious issue, date China ranked it second and the US ninth. More than 25,000 people in 23 countries were interviewed face-to-face, online or over the telephone for the poll, which was conducted between June and October last year.

Evaluate a given situation to determine a company’s attitude towards social responsibility

The case of caller X is a serious pillowcase of private enterprise that has yet to put cordial training at the core of its business. Before measures are laid out as to how they could alter its corporate social responsibility (CSR), it is imperative to discuss the basics of CSR. CSR is defined as the responsibility of a business towards society (Bateman and Snell, 2002,p. 151). It used to be that businesses exist primarily to sell goods and provide serve (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 1988, p. 41).In bring home the bacon years, the principle of CSR increased with some(prenominal) organizations becoming motivated in social outgrowth, evolving to enlightened self-interest. Enterprises were driven more than by the need to enhance militant advantage. Recognizing that products have achieved quality and price parity, companies saw the need to shore up their reputation capital. In essence, CSR became the competitive advantage. The shift it motivation for social development resulted i n CSR becoming mainstream business practice.In recent years, companies measure organizational performance non provided with financial facial gesture but include social and environmental criteria as swell up. CSR has do a big bounds at the heart of businesses (Porter and Kramer, 2006, p. 1). Company Q clearly does not prioritize CSR. period closing some stores due to money lost is a matter-of-fact move, they were not able to recognize the importance of maintaining customer relationships. True, they granted a persistent customers request to sell organic and health-conscious food but they exchange it in limited amounts only.Based on the case, it state that this request has been made for years, meaning there was a clamor for this. Company X was not able to see that. Declining to donate stale food items to the food stick simply because they were worried of possible revenue loss and issues of stealing and gossiper indicates that Company X gives priority to how much money the y are making rather than how they could use the opportunity to contribute resources to the society in advise of improving the quality of life. The purpose of a business is not only to pursue profits.Since businesses are part of the society, they cannot ignore social issues. In taking their part in tackling social issues, businesses can create and maintain a stable environment that has long-term profitability (Pride, Hughes and Kapoor, 1988, p. 42). There are ternary areas that Company X could start with in implementing CSR- customers, employees and community. With regards to the customers, Company X could have their customers in the product development process. They could provide feedback. The company has had experience in this area when they finally gave in to the customers request for organic and health food. ageless communication and interaction with customers is one way. Going an extra step may include putting health and environmental information on their products and serv ices getting feedback from customers on why they like going to the store and what aspect they feel need improvement (putting up a feedback box), things like that. Company X should remember that word of mouth advertising is a good and simple way to gain customers attention. If more customers like the store, there is a risque probability that they would recommend it to their friends and colleagues.Customers should feel that the store is a in effect(p) ship to stay so ample security should be provided. It is stated in the case that the chain closed some stores in high crime areas. When it comes to their employees, it is rather safe to assume that Company X does not trust their employees judging by the fact that they were afraid to donate because some employees may steal and say that they got it from the food drive. Employees are a major stakeholder in businesses. Without employees, the company would not advance.Company X could start implementing employee programs that would get ah ead them individually and organizationally. It is a fact that employees who enjoy their work and have a good working relationship with their employers are likely to contribute more to the company. Company X could start with putting work-life balance programs and those that facilitate employee involvement in decision making. An open channel of communication between employees and managers is vital. afterwards all, in a store, it is the employee that has the most contact with the customers.If Company X deems that donating day-old food results in revenue loss, they could still support the community in other means such as hiring of locals and purchasing products locally. This way, they could augment the income of the community. Additionally, they could pick out employee volunteerism in community development programs. They could also align social development into their business practice. Under this approach, they could identify their needs and determine how communities could be helped. It may not be donating food or money after all. rent consultation with the community could make a significant change not only for the community but Company X as well. after all, they are situated in the community they might as well integrate them. Businesses should discharge its CSR in a way that befits its competence. The benefit cuts twain ways businesses add to their income and their communities gain skills, livelihood and assets. CSR should be central and strategical to the business. CSR in an obligation seamlessly integrated into the core business. Everyone needs to step up to alleviate social problems and make the world a better place for the future generation.

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering

chemic Engineering and its importance Advertisements Chemical applied science has a number of applications in our day to day lives. This degree is offered to students at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Upon the accomplishment of their studies, individuals wad apply for jobs with firms of the hush-hush or public sector firms. Placement opportunities be avail equal for aspirants inside more or less of the prestigious Indian firms such as Reliance and Indian Oil etc. One can say that this sector is i and only(a) of the some(prenominal) aras where one can raise up good jobs as good as opposite opportunities of the aright type.In this article we argon going to address about the importance of chemic engineer as tumesce as its numerous applications. Importance of Chemical Engineering Areas where chemical substance applied science is relevant in our day to day lives intromit Coal preparation and mineral accomplishing Explosives manufacturing Fertilizer s edulousness Food carry outing Glass and specialization chemicals Paints Steel and aluminum production In addition to the above mentioned atomic number 18as, chemical engineering also has applications in production of electronics, clothing, paper and photographic equipment etc.The mise en scene for individuals in the field of chemical engineering is bound to grow in time. This is mainly because of industrial growth as well as the link up to scarcity of the resources those are required. In future years, chemical engineers will be necessitateed to develop synthetic replacement for those resources as well as materials that are low in supply. In overall, it can be express that chemical engineers will be able to make very of import contributions to the improvement in addition to the maintenance of the quality of our lives.Areas where one can apply his knowledge Although chemical engineering is relatively a virgin field, this field of engineering has shown a speedy expansion duri ng the last a few(prenominal) decades. This has in turn led to rise in importance of chemical engineering as well as the number of jobs. Career opportunities for these professionals are available with R&D departments, especially in the field of efficacy as well in developing fields such as nanotechnology and biotechnology. Chemical Plants Petrochemical Plants Pharmaceuticals Petroleum Refining PlantsMineral Based Industries Electronics Industry Photographic Equipment Units habiliment Units Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Aircraft Industry Some Job Types Supervisor proficient Specialist Project Manager Project Engineer Teacher tec Environmental, Safety & Regulatory Manager Quality Manager Senior subroutine Engineer Product Development Engineer Fuel Meter standardisation Technician In the government sector, chemical engineers can find jobs in areas where solutions for environmental problems like recycling, water treatment and others are needed.They can also get clobber with depart ments of energy conservation as well as with disproof establishments. Sir William Wakeham on the Importance of Chemical Engineering Sep. 06, 2011 Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE more Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE From Reliance Industries Mukesh Ambani to trick out comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher A Wide start From Reliance Industries Mukesh Ambani and SABICs Mohammed al-Mady to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher Gallagher, chemical engineers can be found in al more or less every whirl of life. And if you have never heard of Gallagher, you can replace him with Dolph Lundgren, who forewent a race in chemical engineering when he found success as Ivan Drago in the movie Rocky IV). These long time, chemical engineering is as various(a) as the hatful who study it, covering areas from biotechnology to mineral processing, and its import for the chemical industry is now more important than ever. Sir Wi lliam Wakeham is contemporaryly electric chair of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), a global professional membership validation for people who have an interest in and relevant experience in chemical engineering.He spoke with Brandi Schuster on how the field has evolved, what IChemE does to encourage students to study chemical engineering and the importance of having chemical engineers in all levels inside chemical and pharmaceutical companies. CHEManager Europe Sir William, the term chemical engineering doesnt have kind of the same meaning as maybe 50 years ago. How do you think the profession has evolved? Sir William Wakeham These days at that place is much more of a focus on the word process engineering rather than chemical engineering. Often the processes affect are calm down chemical, but they now deal many more things than we thought about 50 years ago. These days you have ingenious chemical engineers working in many process applications that arent necess arily within the traditional realm of the chemical industry. One lawsuit of that is within the pharmaceutical business, in formulation engineering. This consists of the construction of pills, which goes hand-in-hand with the drug formulations.That involves preferably a lot of chemical engineering, but wouldnt have been thought of as such 50 years ago. Its a similar situation within the water industry. There is a lot of activity which could be considered process engineering, and plausibly most of the reactions, if there are any, are biological reactions. every(prenominal) in all, I think the term has been giganticen quite a bit over the last several decades in order to include many more aspects and technologies. In fact, the term chemical engineer is probably being replaced by process engineer. Is the future of chemical engineering one with a very broad base? Sir William Wakeham Yes, and in my own experience, trained chemical or process engineers are the kinds of engineers who a re most able to work with other disciplines, because they have already quite a fullness in their formation as engineers. That is not quite the same for, lets say, complaisant engineers whose chemistry training is quite limited. Process engineers have a alone(p) opportunity to bring scientists and other engineers unneurotic.Most of the big problems that the world is facing are a bit like that people have to be brought together from varied areas. What about diversity within the profession, particularly when it comes to women? Sir William Wakeham In the UK, essential chemical engineering undergraduate numbers are the most controlling for womens recruitment of any engineering discipline. In the UK, about 27% of chemical engineering students are women this is certainly a step in the right direction. What kind of activities does IChemE have to encourage more people to study chemical engineering?Sir William Wakeham We have an enormous focus on bringing people into chemical engineeri ng courses this has, at least in the UK, pushed the numbers by means of the roof. We are particularly interested in attracting women, and one of the key elements of doing that is having women on the staff of chemical engineering departments who do the recruitment. Here in the UK, most departments have a substantial number of women on their faculty. In other areas of the world, such as in the Middle East, there are some cultural issues that are additional difficulty.However, in Malaysia, where we are also active, there are a significant number of women studying chemical engineering now. Apart from its European offices, IChemE is also represented in Asia, Africa and Australasia. Do you work towards promoting chemical engineering for women in these parts of the world as well? Sir William Wakeham Yes. We have been using our activities in the UK as a basis, but fine-tuning it for the different cultural priming coats. Clearly what needs to be done in Malaysia is not the same thing as wh at needs to be one in the UK. Our offices in these areas are usually staffed by local people, which is important for creating an pinch of the countrys needs. What is a chemical engineers role in an oil and botch industry? 2 years ago Report Abuse constrain Shape Best Answer Chosen by Voters This is a very broad question as chemical engineers (as in someone with a chemical engineering degree) can do many different engineering jobs in the oil and gas industry, but other engineers can do them as well.For example I know people with mechanical and chemical engineering degrees that are maintenance engineers with the same job responsibilities. The same goes for a drilling fluid engineer which could be held by people of varying background and technical degrees. A chemical engineer can be involved in all parts of the oil and gas industry from build the oil rigs, drilling the wells, pumping it out of the ground, hitring it through pipelines, separating in into usable chemicals in a ref inery, and finally making petroleum based products in a chemical plant.Source(s) Chemical Engineer Where Do Chemical Engineers Fit into the upriver Oil and Gas Industry? By Katie Horner Comments (8) Before working for an upstream oil company, I was under the impression that chemical engineers working in oil and gas belonged in pipeline and downstream operations. For those of you not in the industry, most large, integrated oil companies consist of an upstream organization and a downstream organization. The former focuses on exploration and production and the latter refines rough-cut petroleum into usable products (gasoline, lubricants, etc. . Within upstream, processes and departments are often illogical by submersed work and surface facility work. Generally, most ChemEs in upstream are found on the facility side, managing projects related to tanks, pumps, pipelines and separators. Pumping Unit in Bakersfield, Ca You may be asking, what about subsurface? And, can chemical engine ers contribute to a traditionally petroleum engineering realm? The answer is, most definitely A reservoir is essentially a large tank filled with porous media and reservoir fluids oil, gas and water.In order to recover oil or gas from a reservoir, chemical engineering fundamentals such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer must be understood and applied. Petroleum engineering is not an take away science. Precise reservoir boundaries are often unknown, PVT samples are few and further between, recovery mechanisms are sometimes unclear, and original and current oil in place is determined probabilistically. The fact is, it wouldnt be economical to wrap up all of the data to make it an exact science.Without having all of the data, oil companies still have been successful in recovering resources thus far. However, weve picked the low suspension fruit when it comes to oil and gas resources and are moving toward environments with increased complexness heavy oil, challe nging shale plays, tight gas, deepwater exploration, etc. Its often express that the best place to find oil is within currently or previously producing reservoirs. As we go back in and try to set about the residual oil, chemical engineering concepts will be critical in designing processes to recover these resources.Many oil or gas recovery mechanisms are well understood, such as waterfloods or gas cap expansion. fortuitously for our profession, there are areas, such as steam and polymer floods, that still need the keen eyes of engineers to model and optimize. As we attempt to tackle the current global energy challenges, oil and gas will continue to be a key factor in the equation. While the focus of many chemical engineering graduates is in alternative energy solutions, there are still plenty of opportunities for a chemical engineer to make an trespass in the world of upstream oil and gas.

Byzantine Art Essay

There ar some differences and similarities between the succeeding(a) 2 snatchs of art the toreador paint and the Egyptian Fowling mount. The bullfighter Fresco is a fresco depicting a bull- saltation sacrament. It is from the palace at Knossos(Crete), Greece and from almost 1450-1400 BCE. The Egyptian Fowling Scene is a mural painting from the tomb of Nebamun. It is from Thebes, Egypt and from the eighteenth Dynasty, ca. 1400-1350 BCE. The styles between these two periods atomic number 18 very different, but there are still a few similarities found between the two pieces of art.The bullfighter Fresco depicts a bull in the center, and a man leaping over its back. There is a woman on each brass of the bull. Unlike the Fowling Scene, this fresco includes a border. In the Egyptian Fowling Scene, Nebamun is standing in his boat, flushing birds from a papyrus swamp. He is holding his throwing stick in adept hand and three birds in the other hand. He is accompanied by his wife and daughter who are both evidencen holding lotus flowers.In the bullfighter Fresco, the bull is the central figure of the painting while in the Fowling Scene every space was filled with sparkly details such as lotus flowers and butterflies. As for the depiction of the valet de chambre figure, in the Toreador Fresco, the human figures have stylized shapes with pinched waists and they are passing animated. Also, in order to distinguish between male and female, the artist painted the materialisation women with fair skin and the man with dark skin. This was a widely authorized ancient Minoan convention.This is very different from the depiction of human figures in the Fowling Scene. The skin color of Nebamun, his daughter and his wife are all(prenominal) the same(p) dark color. The artist scaled down their figures in proportion to their rank. The wife and daughter were much smaller than Nebamun. Also, in the Fowling Scene, the animals collection a realism base on careful obse rvation. One similarity between the paintings was that the human figures were painted with the profile pose with the full-view eye. Another similarity between the two paintings would be that they both represent rituals and traditions.The Toreador Fresco depicts the Minoan ceremony of bull-leaping while the Fowling Scene is a tomb painting showing that Nebamun is enjoying himself in the afterlife. Another difference would be that in the Toreador Fresco, the artist utilise curved lines to suggest the elasticity of the living and moving beings unlike the Fowling Scene where the depiction of driving force was not represented very well. In the Toreador Fresco, the artist alike elongated the animals shape to show the powerful charge of the bull and used sweeping lines to form a funnel of energy.It is easily fitn how the depiction of movement is better represented in the Toreador Fresco than in the Fowling Scene. In the Fowling Scene, the artist used many different and lively alter wh ereas in the Toreador Fresco, there is not a great variety of colors used. In the Toreador Fresco, you backside tell that it is Minoan art by the elegance of the Cretan figures, with their long, curly cop and proud and self-confident bearing. This distinguishes them from all other early figures styles.You can also see a few cultural differences between the two periods scarcely by comparing the two paintings. The human figures in the paintings are all dressed much differently. Also, in ancient Egypt, the artists often used hierarchal scale in their paintings. They would make the size of the human figures larger based on their social status. That is why in the Fowling Scene, the wife and the daughter of Nebamun are much smaller than him. Whereas, in the Toreador Fresco, you do not see a hierarchal scale, the human figures are all the same size.In conclusion, there are many differences and similarities between the Toreador Fresco and the Fowling Scene. twain paintings represent ri tuals and traditions. Also, they both have figures painted with the profile pose. In the Toreador Fresco, it includes a border and the bull is the central figure. The human figures are wasp-waisted, and highly animated. The depiction of movement is much better represented in this piece of art than the Fowling Scene because the artist used curved lines to emphasize the movement of the figures.He also elongated the bulls shape to show the powerful charge of the animal and used sweeping lines to form a funnel of energy. In comparison, in the Fowling Scene, the artists filled every space with lively details. The marsh is full of lotus flowers and butterflies. Although the depiction of movement is not shown as well as the Toreador Fresco, a variety of lively colors is shown in the painting. Unlike the Toreador Fresco, the hierarchal scale is shown in the Fowling Scene.

Global Warming Research Paper

orbiculate Warming Its make on the frugality by Vincent Colletti Professor Shakely English Composition II July 1, two hundred8 Outline thesis From the findings of experts on Global Warming and Climatology, it loafer be concluded that Global Warming has a direct effect on our current planetary economy and the instability of the future. Introduction I. Back prime A. The matter of Environmental economic science B. Economic issues and relations to past and future gentlemans gentleman-wide modify plant estimates II. The effects on gross domestic proceeds A. Increase of natural disasters B. Imp mold on tillage C.Rise in wellness cargon cost 1. Heat quakes 2. Spread of sickness D. Further subjugation those who brook a lower standard of invigo confine 1. Displacement III. Opposing arguments A. Efforts to pr purget orbicular warming ar to game-pr field glassd B. Low Winter mortality rate C. Possible Profit lies in the Arctic IV. What is existence done to counteract h umour compounds yarn-dyes and plans for the future A. Kyoto Protocol 1. Acceptance/Refusal 2. Funds created B. Green Collar Jobs and alternate(a) Energy Sources 1. Wind/Water Power 2. Fuel cost-effective automobiles 3. degree Celsius CaptureConclusion Global Warming Its affects on the economy In con typefacering climate falsify policies, the fundamental trade-off principal that society faces is amongst, aspiration forthwith and con trade unionption in the nearing future. It is a question of economics the return on this environmental investment is lower damages and thus higher consumption in the future. Now is the time that nations must decide whether or non they allow make investments in understanding the economics of the environment and act accordingly to slow the climate metamorphose over the coming centuries. agree to the national Bureau of Environmental Re search (NBER) environmental economics is defined as studies of the economic effects of national or local env ironmental policies slightly the man, including effects on pollution, research and development, physical investment, labor supply, economic energy, and the distri only ifion of real income. It is the desirable option to make water policies that are economically efficient so that the environmental objectives post be achieved in a to the lowest degree cost approach, but then the question a leavens how long should we wait until an optimum climate-change policy is fabricated? pic This chart explains the forecasted increase in Earths average surface temperature according to a series of climate change situations. It is, of course, impossible to predict with certainty what aeonian economic effect orbicular warming lead substantiate, but more economists and scientists agree the past and constitute effects can serve as a guide as to what can be expected. From the findings of experts on Global Warming and Climatology, it can be concluded that Global Warming has a direct effect o n our current global economy and the instability of the future.Although scientists generally agree on the probable rise in the average global temperature over the succeeding(prenominal) century foretelling the change in a specific persona is more complex. Due to the event that the forecast models used in find out global warmings affects are just that, models, they can non be exactn as fact and are subject to change. According to the canful Review, a report created by the former Chief Economist of the World beach Nicholas shit, the cost of climate change could be equivalent to a permanent loss of around 0-3% in global world out come out (Stern ix).This would take populace into unknown territory which is the essential factor in the Stern Review which develops the basis that climate change ordain affect everyone, not just those whose spirthouse flatulency emissions are elevated. The report conveys the be of organic weather conditions could decrease the world Gross Domes tic Product (gross domestic product) by . 5-1% per annum (Stern viii) before the middle of the century. In regards to the models Stern used in his report, the ground forces could expect a double of annual natural disaster costs due to the increase in hurricane wind speed attributable to the rise of sea temperature.This should serve as Americas warning considering one of the most costly hurricanes, Hurricane Katrina, hit our shores in 2005. As Al Gore, former Vice professorship and long time Environmentalist, points out in his book An Inconvenient Truth, Hurricane Katrina wee-weed rough $60 billion in insured losses (Gore 102). A pull ahead impact on the world economy would concentrate in the UK who leave alone be heavily affected by the melting of glaciers, whose annual fountain losses alone could increase from 0. % of GDP today to 0. 2-0. 4% of GDP once the increase in global average temperatures reaches 3 or 4 degrees Celsius (Stern viii). Along with the devastation that leave behind follow the increase in natural disasters, global warming impart concisely prove to be a burden on our agricultural market as well. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the changing climate could cause soils to operate drier and drier, and sever failures could accommodate more wide library paste. What burdens will this place on the global economy?It will affect the poorest countries first, mostly due to the fact that the majority of these poor countries have a high dependency on agriculture as a means of lifespan and trade. other affect on our agriculture will be the disruption in our pabulum supply according to seed and Boston Globe editor Ross Gelbspan, global warming could result in insect related crop damage. With the nurture presented pertaining to the rising level in carbon dioxide it should be inferred that although plant step-up accelerates in areas with elevated carbon dioxide concentration and to some would seem similar an oppo rtunity to initiate in mass harvesting and ncrease yields but it should be considered that many scientist on with Gelbspan predict, these initial increases will soon flatten, and a semipermanent diet of concentrated carbon dioxide will weaken plants, (Gelbspan 37) resulting in a less full-bodied, nutritious product. The fall in coldm industry will ultimately pilot the increase of illness, death, and poverty, especially in third world countries. As briefly mentioned before, global warming will not scarce have an affect on our economy but also our health care system.Naturally the rise of global temperature can be dangerous for humans because of the extreme weather conditions that are bodies are not accustomed to. A study by the EPA shows that an increase in the concentration of ozone at ground level due to higher aviation temperatures may lead to surd complications for people with asthma and other lung related diseases. Logically higher air temperatures could seriously impact th ose who live in southern areas of the world.The EPA estimates that in Atlanta, for example, even a warming of about two degrees(F) would increase heat-related deaths from currently 78 people annually to anywhere from 96 to 247 people per year, which if translated into a global scene it would be a travesty. The Stern Review points out a shocking yet scared straight statistic for some, it expressed that the heat wave in Europe of 2003 killed 35,000 people and is estimates show that if temperatures increase 2 or 3 degrees(C) this number can come close to doubling.Also the EPA has speculated that global warming will elevate insect life in farther Yankee areas that were once unable to facilitate growth. In terms of providing medicine for the mixed diseases carried by the insects such(prenominal) as Malaria, Dengue fever, Nile virus, and Yellow fever, it worries me if government or medical overhaul will be able to offer tending to generous people considering its hard enough to get an qualified summation of Flu vaccinations in a single season hypothesise an extension of warm seasons with infected insects spreading and establishing themselves in unknown territories, this could be the next modern epidemic.In the Heat Is On, a striking fact the author uses to convey a similar point of that of above is A side effect to global warming are insect attacks. A study shows that Alaskan forests have suffered from severe outbreaks of bark beetles, which have devastated several cardinal acres of forest (Gelbspan 141). With an increase in severe weather conditions, spread of disease, decline inhabitable land, and sea levels raising many people will be forced to flee their homes. In a 60 transactions special one of the worlds leading authorities on climate control, sorrel Corell, told the world that 98 part of the worlds mountain glaciers are melting. This is a startling fact considering the impact that will have on coastal cities around the world. Corell proceeded to e xplain that sea levels around the world will increase three feet within 100 years. Melting glaciers will of necessity increase flood risk and water supplies around the world. Thus nigh one-sixth of the worlds population (Stern vi) will be endanger with drinkable water shortages and displacement. Being unable to produce food or purchase necessities, it is estimated that tens to hundreds of millions of people, with warming of 3 or 4 degrees(C) will have to relocate (Stern vi).Although it is often thought just those in Africa, Asia, and small islands will be affected it should be known that large cities such as New York, Tokyo, London, and Cairo all possess an equal risk. An estimate put forth by the Stern Report states that by the middle of the century, 200 million people may become permanently displaced all of which can be attributed to rising sea levels, strong floods, and soil and water salinization. Increases in extreme weather patterns could rationalise global gross domestic pr oduct by up to 1% A two to three degrees Celsius, up to 10% of global output could be lost (Stern Review).Nations worldwide must see the broader economic and security factors of global warming. The melting Artic is the proverbial gym shoe in the coalmine of planetary health and a harbinger of how the warming planet will profoundly affect U. S. national security (Borgerson 9). With an economy in distress such as the join States, investing in goose egg efficiency should seem like the logical step forward in the nations history but lobbyists and those who oppose, with their isolationist instinct, look to research a profit and mask the environments downward turbinate transformation.It is time we get on with the important work of palliation and adaptation by managing the consequences of the great melt (Borgerson 9) however this proves to be harder than environmentalists expected. Opposition to green energy has currently caused much debate, with slandering advertisements from both (prenominal) extremes of the spectrum. One combatant theme stems from the respected economic analysts GlobalInsight, their estimations, in 2002, concluded that meeting the Kyoto target would annul Germanys GDP by 5. 2%, Spains by 5. 0%, the U. K. s by 4. %, and the Netherlands by 3. 8% (Horner 259). These speculated values stressed the idea that cleanup position the environment was just not worth the lost incurred with following the protocol. Another suggestion opponents of environmental cleanup is Spain and Britain would lose a million jobs, dapple Germany would lose nearly 2 million jobs, thanks in opus to 40% increase in electricity and heating cost (Horner 259), an proposal that has proved to be false, although they have seen a loss in GDP many analysts believe it is due to rising furnish costs.Since the estimations of those who consider global warming too large of a problem to deal with, sur go about to be a fallacy, a modernistic concept was pushed into the media, thus influencing the public in their favor. Between 2004 and 2005, the Artic lost 14 percent of itsperennial icethe dense, thick ice that is the main obstacle to shipping. In the last 23 years, 41 percent of this hard, multiyear ice has vanished. (Borgerson 2).To many this may seem like a sepulchral glance into the future, but for commercial industries and government this is an opportunity to exploit our land. The artic role located near Alaska would be a prime spot for accessing drift reserves. President Bush has proposed that a three focusing conformity between the United States, Russia, and Canada should be created and refineries put in place. It would seem as if unfit business is blind to what must occur in order for them to have their chance at producing fuel from the gas reserves.This plan is supported by the fact that it will lessen the dependency on foreign oil. humor change will have an un-proportionate positive to negative effect ration still for idealists in the marke t looking to turn a profit. The Stern Report addressed argument that global warming will have a constructive role in the future for instance places such as Russia and Canada will be beneficiaries of a 2 or 3 degrees (C) in the sense that climate change will lessen overwinters harshness eventually leading to lower winter mortality, and heating costs.It is also believed that the surge of warmer climates may also increase touristry to once barren artic tundra regions. An efficient response to global climate change will depend on the actions of an internationally collaborative effort. The United Nations exemplar Convention on clime Change (UNFCCC) has realized this and formatted a treaty entitled the Kyoto Protocol. This protocol fares forth for almost every industrialized nation, except the United States and Kazakhstan, a guideline as to how much greenhouse gas they may emit within a year.It proposes that countries with higher emissions of greenhouse gases be held responsible and require them to pay for more energy efficient activities in less developed countries, thus managing not so much limiting, the amount of harmful gases released and funding countries in need of further energy efficient program development. According to the Union of Concerned Scientists, over 50 nations representing 55 percent of industrialized nations emissions have agreed to ratify the protocol. To many economists this places the United States in the middle of the war on global warming and sees the U.S. soon being forced to participate or face global environmental isolation. Every country will need to adapt to climate change (Walker 163) although it will be much easier for some than others. Countries who barely produce enough GDP will find it harder to allocate funds to environmentally steady-going practices rather than an industrialized nation whose profits soar and money is considerably set aside to research and development of green methods. Already 3 global funds are aimed at aiding the least developed countries to adapt (Walker 163).As of April 2006, the Least Developed Country Fund has collected a sum of $89 million in actual funds. While the Special Climate Change Fund has received $45 million towards election readiness of conduct and the estimated by the World Bank state the Clean culture Mechanism will have obtained close to $500 million by the year 2012 (Walker 163). It is ostensibly and economically understandable why so many countries fear the reduction of emissions the cost of mitigation, the loss of jobs, the public will become discontent with government.However a transition to renewable energy would create millions of jobs globally and facilitate less fortunate nations raise of living standards without negatively compromising economic conditions of established countries. The transition from a high to a low greenhouse gas polluting economy will promote competitiveness and opportunity growth. For instance, Britain, within the next twelve year s, has a targeted 20% increase in energy efficiency, 10% of vehicle traffic being powered by bio-fuels, and 15% of energy derived from renewable sources (Black).Currently Sweden obtains about 5% of its electrical energy from water, this is called tidal power. Tidal power creates energy from the sea water that moves landwards, the current drives turbines which in effect generate energy. Another way to counteract global warming is the use of wind. Wind power is produced by use of wind mills, often clustered together on a wind farm, the force of the wind converts natural energy into a usable form such as electricity. Wind energy is easily harnessed, renewable, and is responsible for about 1% of world wide electricity use (Black). The grandness of change is illustrated by the fact that world economic energy efficiency is presently improving at only half the rate of world economic growth (U. S. Department of Energy). Another option to offset or maybe even neutralize the affects of globa l warming lies in the ideas set forth by an economic analyst Cliff May. May believes an rough standards fuel law should be sanctioned that would require all new cars sold in the U. S. be Flexible Fuel Vehicles. Flexible fuel cars are automobiles that run not just on gasoline but a variety of alcohol and neutral spirits based fuels.This would force consumers to debase these new cars that burn fuels cleaner than gasoline. One way of creating a pack for theses flex fuel cars would be to offer tax breaks as incentives for both the producer and consumer. An advantage that comes from alternative fuel such as ethanol is it is made from corn, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, and just about any rigid crop. Along with crops as possible green fuel sources, biomass for instance grass, crop residue, fallen leaves, weeds, and trash, all can serve a higher utilisation and consequently are in abundance in the U. S. Before long, billions of dollars that we are now sending over seas could be going i nto the pockets of Americasfarmers, auto workers, alternative fuel producers and investors (May 8A). Not only would alternative fuels create an economic stimulus, far greater than the checks sent out by President Bush, but it would help restore the environment. .By adding to our consumption of an emerging market, alternative fueled automobiles, investing in companies that produce these fleets of vehicles, and taking away from government spending which follows the formula in calculating GDP, the U. S. ould be ranked number one. Additionally, a solution for change magnitude unemployment rates would finally be achieved. Also, being one the largest manufacturers of flexible fuel automobiles will enable international trade to increase significantly along with national income. There are limitless ideas as to what can repair the economy but few have hope of standing up to an idea this enveloping. It is worth keeping in mind that our past can serve as an example of how mankind reacted too late when faced with threats like acid rain, deforestation, asbestos, CFCs, declining fisheries, BSE (Black).Simply, climate change will cause damage, in the sense that in what is done for our own benefit will cause harm to those in the future. Global warming can not be predicted with complete accuracy but enough can be inferred from the information and effects already available. Mitigation- taking strong action to reduce emissions- must be viewed as an investment (Stern i). Economists may see the charge up against global warming as a cost incurred at this blink of an eye in order to avoid the repercussions of what the future may bring. And the less mitigation we do now, the greater complexity of ongoing adaptation will be.The merc helping handise and dispersing of low carbon or green technologies is critical in go the world into a more sustainable condition. There is no cogitate economic development and environmental stewardship cannot go hand in hand (Borgerson 8).

The Indian History Essay Paper

OB Notes Paper Pattern 100 Marks Q1. Compulsory. establish on Ek ruka hua faisla (Answer any 4 out of 7 options). wreakout question record & drawship Traits of Character No. 7 in the movie Q2 Q7. Answer any 4 (20 marks from severally one) Q2. would be neat Notes Q3. Q7. Each question would be of two part (A&B). Part A system & Part B Caselets in DPA public figureat Tip occupy answer in Bullet points besides. Topics 1. Basic of demeanor 2. Organisation setting of opp and Inter colony 3. temper 4. Beliefs & Paradigms 5. sort outs & aggroups Composition, Advantages, Disadvantages, formal, informal, How best aggroups come into existence. . Core Values & accommodative Values 7. Five levels of change 8. Adaptation & Leadership surmisal 9. requireedness 10. Conflict 11. Basic of want stress management & Time management, Traits from 6 Personality Traits for Transformational & Trans achieveal, penury & Morale Theories 1. blat & Motoun Managerail Grid. 2. Ringl emen Effect 3. Bruce & Tactman Model of Team formation 4. Malows Pyramid 5. The Medici Effect franz Johamsson 6. The fifith Discipline Peter Senge 7. unadulterated Conditional Theory of discipline 8. Stimulus Response learnedness 9. REBT noetic Emotive demeanour Theory 10. The Ice berg model 1. The well-favored 5 model 12. Cattells 16 Personality Factor 13. doubting Thomas Profiling 14. FIROB 15. MBTI 16. Johari Windows 17. Transactional Analysis 18. DISC Genesis of OB -Psycology -Sociology -Social Psycology -Anthropology -Political Science conduct is an Action discourse leads to behaviour We communicate at all prison terms Types of Communication -Verbal -Non-Verbal -Written Unsound Behaviour & Sound Behaviour Sound Behaviour is Type B Behaviour -Communication is Basic -You communicate all the time -B is a form of communication, it is external. -Value at bottom B is able cherish Core note values be common to all of us Value (Ringleman Effect) Core Values & Adapt ed Values Sound Behaviour is outcome of sound values Value is a 3 branching Tool Comfort Zone, Meaningfullness, Identity Structural Conflicts of Values Value direct Person APerson B HighHonesty Money - LowMoneyHonesty -Nature of Human is Dynamic, non atmospherics -Self Deception How to resolve conflict in such situation? climb up Diagnosis, Prescription & Action 1. Individual Discussion (with mortal A & person B separately) 2. Value check of each single 3. Identify psyche finales . Common finis (Creation of super ordinate closes so that values of two the person argon not diluted) Topic 2 Team & Group Team -Team is like entity -It does not form by itself. It is created outside -Taken as human being, it has its own value -Team is considered as organic body & has emotion & cohesiveness -Team has to be flexible to achieve the super-ordinate goals (common goal/combined goal of different persons) -Team is only when it is comprised of experts -Every member of team has to be an expert in a particular field -Success or failure of the team is because of the attraction Stages in Formal to open 1.Forming Introduction, bringing team together, bringing closely unification 2. Storming Conflict management & attractionship, ego clashing, most important parts be resolved, it is perpetually never ending. 3. Norming Settle down. 4. Performing Steps a Leader has to take 1. Cohesiveness 2. Team building (strengthening the team together towards an activity) 3. Differences harbor to be brought down to convergence of difference 4. develop dependence between team members to have convergence of difference Group -It is assembling of resources (money, men, material, machine) denominated by man power -Can be formed externally or internallyFormal GroupsInformal Groups 1. Goal forms outside1. Stated bonding 2. It is governed by certain rules2. Discipline is lacking(p) 3. Restricted3. Impenetrable 4. Goal oriented4. They make or break the organisation 5. Commu nication & bonding not very unassailable5. Communication and bonding is very strong 6. Conditional behaviour towards goal achievement 7. Values may or may not exist6. Values do exist 8. Motivation dictated by goal Merits of Formal Groups -Structured -Rule oriented -Disciplined -Goal oriented -Goal counsellinged -KRAs, Duties atomic number 18 very clear -Stakes are very high, hence behaviour ground on stakes Demerits of Formal Groups Restricted Behaviour -No transparency, not existent -No natural bonding -No values & conflicts are always hidden Informal Groups -Within every formal structures group, we always have informal groups -In an organization each one is at a level & has got i. Power ii. Authority iii. accountability iv. Responsibilities -Energy of informal groups should be used towards productivity -They can make or break an organization -They would not allow or permit a member from another informal group with value or value system different from his group as the val ues and the comfort partition offs & identities are different. 2 Laws of Communication 1. Law of Entertainment When 2 bodies are in proximate they eventually entertain get affected by each other. 2. Law of Synchronicity When 2 bodies entertain over a peak of time they eventually synchronize characteristics of one tends to rub of into the other & viz (emotional exchange). dress down in private and praise in public 4 Zones in Life 1. Internal Zone Where you operate from your home. It is suppose to have nurturing, advice, criticism, corrections. 2. spiritual Zone Individual Commitment with spirit 3. Work Zone 4.Social foreign the work place & home. All the people you meet outside the work & home. Organisation Structure HR Audit Upward Spiral eruditeness Curve Attitude -Congruent (Behaviour in line with thoughts) -Dissonant (difference in behaviour and thoughts) stagnation Stage information Knowledge + Actions (repeated actions) = Skills A instruction is a instruction when certain body of companionship is effectively transferred into actionable skills -Skill development intensify existing & enhancing new skills - strain of Learning of an employee in an organization 1st Phase Technical Skills nd Phase Behavorial Skills 3rd Phase Conceptual Skills -Two types of Learning a)Active Self- compeln desire to learn. When an someone experiences the contain to change, the learning becomes dynamic. b)Passive Forced by situations & deal -It is upto the individual driven by his values & perceptions to choose to fighting(a)ly learn or reject the learning till it reaches its higher stake -When an individual a change about to happen in future & that to with meaningfulness, he/she is on critical elbow room of learning -Awareness of change normally initiates active learning Learning is the courage of acquiring cognition & putting into action -Learning has ethical & moral needfully why do we learn? -Need to kind -Situations -High Stakes Learning Block - Unawareness -Attitude (Is the knowledge really required by me?. ) Change Types of Change -Percieved & Non- Percieved -Fast Change & Slow Change Those changes which are understandable by our sensory experiences are perceivable changes, whereas those which do not twilight under perceivable changes are termed as non-percievable changes. 5 Levels of Change 1. cosmic Change (Changes in Galaxy) 2. Environmental (Global Warming) . Social Changes (Society) 4. Organic Changes (Body) 5. Cellular The complete universe is in the edge of eternal change. Change is required for evolution. The character of change is to adapt & evolve Adaption mean acceptance of change by addressing values & perception & thitherby behaviour Adjustment is painful, adaption is powerful Adaption occurs when an individual develops self awareness of change, continuously learns & develop lateral skill 4 Stages of Learning 1. Unaware of incompetency (Ignorance) 2. Aware of the incompetancy (Knowledge) Stage where you stay or quit 3.Aware of competency (Skills) 4. Unaware of competency (Competance) Competancy is a process centrical and not content centric Learning Theories 1. Classical Conditional Theory of Learning/Stimulus Response Learning 2. Response Stimulus Learning 3. Cognitive Learning 4. Social Learning 1. Classical Conditional Theory of Learning/Stimulus Response Learning Russian Psychologist Evan Paulov conducted an experiment Dog-Meat & ships bell Meat called as the unconditional remark, unconditional stimulus creates unconditional resolution along with the meat he rings the bell. The bell called as inert stimulus. . Response Stimulus Learning Trial & Error Learning alphabet Learning A-Antecedent, B-Behaviour, C-Consequence For every behaviour B, there is an antecedent A to consequence C any trial & error is accidental. 3. Cognitive Learning Meaningful mental map, which we create of a reality, which varies from person to person realize repeated cognize 4. Social Learni ng Learning from society (e. g. peers, friends) This is the highest form of learning followed by cognitive learning and then Stimulus entrust and there on Dominant vs. Back-up manner of learning Trusteeship & monomania Leadership Learning Style -Ignorance -Knowledge -Skills -Competency activated Intelligence -Empathetic Listening -Focus to the core and not on person -Empowerment -Who is learning & what type -EI is experiential learning Leadership -Leadership is a Style -A well-grounded leader has a good ET Emotional Intelligence Steps to be a Good Leader 1. To be an empathetic listener 2. Tries to focus on the issues & solution path & not on the person 3. He empowers the associates 4. Brings in say-so building 5. To understand the learnig curve of the follower 6. He recognizes his own skills as well as others . He develops trusteeship (detachment) and not ownership (attachment) 8. He is known by his absence and not by his presence 9. He is a risk taker as he has a foc us on locus of control 10. Leader is not a position, it is a process Types of Leadership 1. Autocratic 2. Democratic 3. Laissez Faire 4. Situational Leadership Personality + People + potential = Leadership Situational Leaders has two styles Dominant (own skill) & Back-up (learned skill) -During critical situations, dominant style comes in place Categories of Leadership 1. Trasactional Leadership Creates followers 2.Transformational Leadership -247 approach, creates leaders, creates vision -Communicate it very clearly to everybody -They act on the vision himself first. This develops ecstasy among others and creates followers -People on their own join the leader -He creates future leaders -To develop EQ He has to take risk (emotional) which comes only by means of experience He needs to be aggressive, go getter, pushes others & himself in achieveing goals Emotional Intelligence is the separator between Manager & Leader 6 Personality Traits 1. Locus of Control strong internals, control over situations 2.Machawallism -High Mach (highly manipulative) -Low Mach (Less Mach) 3. Type A & Type B -A = Aggressive, go getter -B = Laid Back 4. Self incite pause ? Listen ? Reflect ? Respond. -It starts with self-awareness of ones thoughts, words & action. It converts a reaction to a response. A good leader entrust have a moderate level of self-monitoring 5. Risk Taking 6. Self-Esteem Blate & Motoum Managerial Grid (Training model) (1, 1) Impoverished leader least concern for result & people (9, 1) High concern for results & least for people Autocratic (1, 9) Termed as Country Club Manager.High concern for people but little for result (9, 9) Ideal, Proactive Manager The leader. Equal concern for both. Its not a destination but a journey which a leader constantly tries to achieve. He is a situational leader. He uses the peoples competencies towards achieving goals. He is always Ethical. Requires tremendous self-discipline. Role Personality is a connectivity between the Role & the Goal. They have personal sense of humility (5, 5) plaza of the Road Manager. It is a process. Tries to rise from the strategic level to windy level. Personality 1.Definition 2. Traits 3. MBTI/Thomas Profiling 4. 16 PF/FIROB/DISC 1. Definition It is a sum total of inner & outer attributes, where Inner Factors Values, attitudes, perception, belief, paradigms Outer Factors physiologic disposition, mannerism, habits, behaviour. All the factors put together comprises of personality -Role Clarity is subjective whereas Goal Clarity is objective -Inner factor drives the outer factor -When meaningfulness of the goal is adjust with values, perception of role, the individual develops the role personality in line with the goal. In most cases he is effective in achieving goal. For e. g. Student has a goal of learning a subject i. He must have a clarity what he is learning ii. Learning, as we know is absorption of knowledge into doable action called skills. iii. Thi s is of the purpose of acquiring knowledge is to transform an adopt behaviour then the learning is effective iv. The individual needs to focus this aspect of learning & align these aspects with consistently, he tends to play the Role Personality effectively v. Although all goals are measurable, the measurable may not orient his learning (at times he may get higher %age, at times lower) vi.All in all his focus should be to absorb knowledge & change his behaviour. So long as this focus is maintained, we can visualise him maintain Role Personality quite effectively. This is seen through his behaviour of active participation in all situation to acquire and assimilate indulgence & convert them into skill & behaviour changes Scenario A, B, C, D are team members in a certain vertical. A is hardworking but, stickler to time he whole caboodle strictly 9. 00am 5. 00pm. His output is remarkable B Intelligent, genius, erratic, maverick available only when a crisis occurs.Arrogant & i ndividualistic C Quiet, laid-back, seemingly unintelligent, very obedient, slow worker, everyone likes him D Into mood swings, creates goals, disappear for days & returns & works for long hours to complete his tasks, seldom talks, very helpful though, does not like to be asked questions The above 4 team members are assigned a project for SMG (self-managed groups) The time manakin is 1 month. All 4 team members need to be optimally used. Design a goal & perform a DPA by represent characteristics, personality Create roles & goals to attain effectiveness Strengths & weakness of each team memberTeam segment A S Time management, hardworking, goal oriented, focused, commitment, disciplined, organized W Rigid Team Member B S Crisis management, confident, go-getter attitude, individualistic W Arrogant, selfish, individualistic (low people skills) Team Member C S Strong values, obedient, strong interpersonal skills, approachable, quiet, laid-back, good follower W laid-back, slow coach , quiet Team Member D S Goal setter, Innovator, compassionate, helpful W Disappearing act, moody, does not like to be asked questions Need Drive theory of Motivation -All needs are prefatorial requirements for organization When a need arises, it indicates a shortage -This deficit leads to a disturbance in comfort zone -There arises beatly within the organism, a type of drive that propels the organism to fulfill this deficit, thereby restoring comfort zone -When this fulfillment is complete, the organism is set to achieve total satisfaction -This drive is called penury -This drive is automatic, instant, since it has its origins on survival of species, inshort it is instinct driven -Hence motif is a term given to instinct driven that almost right away develops the need deficit into need fulfillment -This is the animal side of the humanIn periodic scenarios, we need to identify the diference between needs & wants. Needs are basic, wants are desired NEED(instinct) + DESIRE = Wa nt (Rational) Need when fulfilled gives 100% satisfaction (does not leave any memory). A need is always an instant gratification Frustration Model It is derived from need-drive theory of want. If a need deficit arises in an individual, it creates a drive almost instantly to fulfill this need. period in process of fulfilling the need, if there arises an obstruction or barrier, the organism will anyway be fulfilling it through alternate means.This altered behaviour is always unsound behaviour This behaviour is a repetitive behaviour. Without action there is no motivation Fundamental Theories of Motivation 1. Reinforcement Theory of Motivation 2. Goal Path Theory of Motivation The individuals motivation is a result of 2 influences Internal & external What motivates you? -Content theories of Motivation i. Maslows Theory of needs ii. Fedrick Hersbergs Two factor theory of needs iii. ERG Theory of Needs albert iv. David Mc Cleelands Theory of Needs Why and how are people motivate d? Process Theories of Motivation i. Stacey Adams Equity Theory i. Victor Vrooms Theory of prevision iii. Poter Rollers Theory of Intrinsic rewards 1. Reinforcement Theory of Motivation It has 2 parts a. Positive Reinforcement b. Negative Reinforcement supporting(a) behaviour that are desired by an organization constitutes the frameqork of +ve reinforcement. The employees are support to regret & certain behaviour that are desirable for the end node of goal This is usually done by rewards, hence also termed as motivation by Rewards On the other hand there are certain behaviours which are not in line with organizational needs. These behaviours need to be discouraged.Instead of allowing these behaviours to repeat, organization resort to collapsing these behaviours. This is brought about through the process of punishment termed as motivation by punishment or ve reinforcement. Historically such reinforcement is resorted to at the functional level of organization, where rewards & pun ishment form the value criteria of employeess behaviour As 1st time learners, all of us resort to stimulus response learning, our behaviour are also stimulus response based. Hence, it is natural for us to respond to the reinforcement method of motivation 2. Goal Path theory of motivation